39°25′N 22°34′E / 39.417°N 22.567°E / 39.417; 22.567 Cynoscephalae (Ancient Greek: Κυνὸς κεφαλαί, meaning "dog's heads") was the name of a range of hills in ancient Thessaly, a little to the south of Scotussa, in whose territory they were situated. They are described by Polybius as rugged, broken, and of considerable height; and are memorable as the scene of two battles: Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC), between the Thebans and Alexander of Pherae, in which Pelopidas was slain; and Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), of still greater celebrity, in which Philip V of Macedon was defeated by the Roman consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus.
References
- Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 18.5.
- Plut. Pel. 32.
- Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. p.441. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 18.3, et seq.
- Livy. Ab urbe condita Libri [History of Rome]. Vol. 33.6, et seq.
- Plut. Flam. 8.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cynoscephalae". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
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