Misplaced Pages

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (September 2024) Click for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,036 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|Даргинская письменность}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation.

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Dargin writing is a written form of communication representing the North East Caucasian Dargin language. This language has approximately 439,000 speakers, most of whom live in the Russian republic of Dagestan. Additionally, Dargin writing is used in the Russian Republics of Kalmykia, Khantia-Mansia, and Chechnya, as well as nearby countries of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

Arabic script

The Dargins used the Arabic alphabet for centuries before the adoption of Latin.

The Arabic alphabet for Dargwa, before it was replaced by Latin in 1928, looked like this:

Uslar's Cyrillic

In 1892, Peter von Uslar published his grammar on the Urakhi dialect (or Khyurkili), which included an alphabet for it in Cyrillic. It is displayed below.

а	ӕ	в	ԝ	г	ӷ	гᷱ	д
е	ж	ђ	з	ӡ	һ
і	ј	к	қ		кᷱ	л	м
н	о	п	ԥ	ԛ		р	с
т	ҭ	у	х	ц		ч
ш

In 1911, it was modified further.

Latin script

The Arabic alphabet was adapted as the Dargin phonetics alphabet in 1920, but it was poorly adapted to the sounds of the Dargin language. So in 1928, as part of the All-Union project on Romanization, the Latin-based alphabet was adopted for Dargin. In the same year, the first primer in this alphabet was published (cupanov r. Nuşala ʐaꝗ-sawet. Mәħәc-qala, 1928). Initially the Dargin Romanized alphabet had no capital letters.

a	b	c	ꞓ	ç	d	e	ә	f
g	ǥ	ƣ	h	ⱨ	ħ	i	j	k
ⱪ	l	m	n	o	p		q	ꝗ
r	s	ş	ꟍ	t	t̨	u	v	x
		z	ⱬ	ƶ	ⱬ̵	’

After the reform of 1932, capital letters were introduced, some Latin letters were excluded and the alphabet took the form shown in the table below:

Modern alphabet

The Cyrillic alphabet was adopted in 1938. In the 1960s, the letter ПI, пI was added.

References

• Appendix:Cyrillic script
• Dargin language (in Russian)
• Dargwa basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

Specific

1. "Dargwa". Omniglot. 1998. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
2. Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group.
3. Усларъ, П. К. (1892). Khyurkilinskiy yazyk Хюркилинский язык (PDF). Тифлисъ.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
4. "Даргилла алипуне ва луҕсне жуж = Даргинская азбука и первая книга для чтения – Российская Национальная Библиотека – Vivaldi". vivaldi.nlr.ru. Retrieved 2024-10-27.

• Northeast Caucasian languages
• Languages of Russia
• Dagestan