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Dionycha
Marpissa muscosa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Clade:	Entelegynae
Clade:	Dionycha
Diversity
About 20 families

The Dionycha are a clade of spiders (Araneomorphae:Entelegynae), characterized by the possession of two tarsal claws with tufts of hairs (setae) beside them, which produce strong adhesion, enabling some species to climb glass. The circumscription of the group has varied widely; a 2021 analysis resulted in about 20 families, including Salticidae (jumping spiders), Gnaphosidae (ground spiders), and Clubionidae.

The Dionycha are considered to be a subgroup of the larger RTA clade. Most species hunt their prey instead of building webs.

There are no cribellate members in the Dionycha.

Today it is thought that the reduction of the third claw present in ancestral spiders evolved several times independently, so this alone is not a criterion that defines the clade.

Families

In 2021, a group of several spider taxonomists published a major study of the phylogeny of Dionycha, using genetic and phenotypic data. It included the families listed below:

Dionycha

• Prodidomidae
• Dionycha A clade
  • Trachycosmidae
  • Clubionidae
  • Anyphaenidae
  • Phrurolithidae
  • Trachelidae
  • Liocranidae
  • Gallieniellidae
  • Cithaeronidae
  • Trochanteriidae
  • Gnaphosidae (including former Ammoxenidae)
  • Lamponidae
• Dionycha B clade
  • Philodromidae
  • Salticidae
  • Xenoctenidae
  • Miturgidae
  • Cheiracanthiidae
  • Selenopidae
  • Viridasiidae
  • Corinnidae

Footnotes

1. ^ Ramírez (2014).
2. ^ Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M. & Bond, Jason E. (2015). "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life". PeerJ. 3: e1852. doi:10.7717/peerj.1719. PMC 4768681. PMID 26925338.
3. ^ Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Bougie, Tierney; Carboni, Martin; Hedin, Marshal; Ramírez, Martín J. (January 2022). "Combining genomic, phenotypic and Sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 166: 107327. Bibcode:2022MolPE.16607327A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107327. hdl:11336/148790. PMID 34666169. S2CID 239035463.
4. Griswold et al. 1999

References

• Bosselaers, J.; Jocqué, R. (2002). "Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae". Zoologica Scripta. 31 (3): 241–270. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00080.x. S2CID 83947168.
• Coddington, J. A.; Levi, H. W. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae)". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025.
• Griswold, C.E.; Coddington, J.A.; Platnick, N.I.; Forster, R.R. (1999). "Towards a Phylogeny of Entelegyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 27: 53–63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-02-11. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
• Ramírez, M. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of Dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/6537. Retrieved 2015-10-31.

External links

• Tree of Life

• Araneomorphae