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| Other names | MER-17; MDL-4829; Diphenylmethanolpiperidine |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.720  |
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| Formula | C18H21NO |
| Molar mass | 267.372 g·mol |
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Azacyclonol (trade names Ataractan, Calmeran, Frenoton, Frenquel, Psychosan), also known as γ-pipradrol, is a drug which is an ataractive; an agent which diminishes hallucinations in psychotic individuals. It has also been called a tranquilizer and antipsychotic, though these definitions are not accurate as it does not actually possess such properties. Despite being a positional isomer of pipradrol, it is not a psychostimulant, and instead has mild depressant effects.
The drug was introduced in Europe in the mid-1950s for the treatment of schizophrenia likely because it was found to attenuate the subjective psychedelic effects of LSD and mescaline in humans. However, due to poor and mixed clinical effectiveness, it never gained widespread acceptance and was eventually discontinued.
Azacyclonol is also known as diphenylmethanolpiperidine and is the parent structure of the antihistamines fexofenadine and terfenadine. Terfenadine produces azacyclonol as a major active metabolite.
It is made by the organometallic addition of 4-bromopyridine to benzophenone, followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the pyridine heteroaromatic ring system to the corresponding piperidine.
References
- Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
- ^ BRAUN DL, BROWN BB, FELDMAN RG (October 1956). "The pharmacologic activity of alpha-(4-piperidyl)-benzhydrol hydrochloride (azacyclonol hydrochloride); an ataractive agent". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 118 (2): 153–61. PMID 13368052. Archived from the original on 2019-12-08. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
- Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
- FARRANT J (June 1963). "Interactions between cocaine, tyramine and noradrenaline at the noradrenaline store". British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 20 (3): 540–9. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1963.tb01491.x. PMC 1703814. PMID 13944436.
- ^ FORSTER W, HENDERSON AL (January 1957). "A clinical study of Frenquel (alpha (4-piperidyl) benzhydrol hydrochloride) in chronic schizophrenia". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 76 (2): 97–101. PMC 1823487. PMID 13383414.
- Martens J (April 1996). "Determination of the terfenadine metabolite azacyclonol in human serum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography B. 678 (2): 349–53. doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00561-7. PMID 8738042.
- Campen Jr Marcus G Van, Pogge Raymond C, Schumann Edward L; Wm S Merrell Co; U.S. patent 2,804,422 (1957).