| Echiniscus testudo | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Tardigrada |
| Class: | Heterotardigrada |
| Order: | Echiniscoidea |
| Family: | Echiniscidae |
| Genus: | Echiniscus |
| Species: | E. testudo |
| Binomial name | |
| Echiniscus testudo (Doyère, 1840) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Echiniscus testudo is a cosmopolitan species of tardigrade.
Taxonomy
The species was described by Louis Michel François Doyère in 1840; he placed it in the genus Emydium.
G. Ramazzotti and W. Maucci classified E. filamentos mongoliensis Iharos, 1973 as a synonym of E. testudo in 1983; this was followed by other tardigradologists. In 2017, Piotr Gąsiorek and colleagues restored it as a distinct taxon and elevated it to species level: E. mongoliensis.
Gąsiorek and colleagues also classified E. filamentosus Plate, 1888 and E. glaber Bartoš, 1937 as junior synonyms of E. testudo.
Distribution
It is found throughout most of the Palaearctic, and has been recorded in all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Most reports are Holarctic. Locations where it has been recorded include: Denmark, Egypt, the Faroe Islands, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Iberia, Mongolia, and China.
Doyère based his description off specimens collected in Paris. The neotype designated by Gąsiorek and colleagues was collected in Paris's Montmartre Cemetery. The type localities of the junior synonyms E. bellermanni and E. inermis are both in Germany: the former is Greifswald, and the latter is the Taunus mountains near Frankfurt.
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Dorsal view, showing its four segmented bands
References
- ^ Doyère, (1840). "Mémoire sur les Tardigrades". Annales des sciences naturelles. Ser. 2. 14: 281;Pl. 12, Figs. 1–3.
- ^ Schultze, Carolus Augustus Sigismundus (1840). Echiniscus Bellermanni animal crustaceum, macrobioto Hufelandii affini. Berolinum: G. Reimer.
- ^ Richters, Ferd. (1902). "Beträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna der Umgebung von Frankfurt a.M." Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt Am Main. 1902 (2): 11–12;Pl. 1, Fig. 3.
- ^ Iharos, Gy. (1973). "Angaben zur geographischen Verbreitung der Tardigraden" [Data to Geographical Distribution of Tardigrada] (PDF). Opuscula Zoologica. 12 (1–2). Budapest: 84–85.
- ^ Guidetti, Roberto G.; Bertolani, Roberto B. (2005). "Tardigrade taxonomy: an updated check list of the taxa and a list of characters for their identification". Zootaxa. 845: 24–25. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.845.1.1.
- Degma, Peter; Bertolani, Roberto; Guidetti, Roberto (2017). "Actual checklist of Tardigrada species (2009–2017, 32nd Edition: 01-06-2017)" (PDF). p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2017.
- ^ Gąsiorek, Piotr; Stec, Daniel; Morek, Witold; Michalczyk, Łukasz (October 2017). "An integrative redescription of Echiniscus testudo (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for the class Heterotardigrada (Ecdysozoa: Panarthropoda: Tardigrada)". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 270: 107–122. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2017.09.006.
- Plate, Ludwig H. (1888). "Beträge zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden". Zoologische Jahrbücher. 3 (3): 532.
- ^ Jørgensen, Aslak; Møbjerg, Nadja; Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2007). "A molecular study of the tardigrade Echiniscus testudo (Echiniscidae) reveals low DNA sequence diversity over a large geographical area". Journal of Limnology. 66 (Suppl. 1, Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigrada): 77–83. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2007.s1.77.
- ^ Beasley, Clark W.; Miller, William R. (2007). "Tardigrada of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China". Journal of Limnology. 66 (Suppl. 1, Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigrada): 52. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2007.s1.49.
- McInnes, S.J. (1994). "Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial/freshwater tardigrades from current literature". Journal of Natural History. 28 (2): 273–274. doi:10.1080/00222939400770131.
- McInnes, Sandra J.; Michalczyk, Łukasz; Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2017). "Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa". Zootaxa. 4284 (1): 16–17. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2017.
- Maucci, W.; Durante, M. V. (1984). "I Tardigradi della Penisola Iberica". Miscel·lània Zoològica. 8: 71.
- Kaczmarek, Łukasz; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2006). "The Tardigrada Fauna of Mongolia (Central Asia) with a Description of Isohypsibius altai sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 45 (1): 13.
- Li, Xiaochen (2007). "Tardigrades from the Tsinling Mountains, central China with descriptions of two new species of Echiniscidae (Tardigrada)". Journal of Natural History. 41 (41–44): 2725. doi:10.1080/00222930701711046. S2CID 84732197.