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Endohelea

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Class of algae

Endohelea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	CAM
Clade:	Pancryptista
Phylum:	Cryptista
Subphylum:	Endohelia Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Class:	Endohelea Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Orders
Microhelida Axomonadida

Endohelea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. They used to be considered heliozoans, but phylogenetically they belong to a group of microorganisms known as Cryptista.

Classification

Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis in 2015, the class contained two orders: Microhelida and Heliomonadida. However, according to a study by Cavalier-Smith, published in 2022, the order Heliomonadida is actually part of Cercozoa, and only one species of heliomonad, Tetrahelia pterbica, has been kept in Endohelea as its own order Axomonadida.

Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012
- Order Microhelida Cavalier-Smith 2011
  - Family Microheliellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011
    - Genus Microheliella Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2012
- Order Axomonadida Cavalier-Smith 2012 emend. 2021
  - Family Tetraheliidae Cavalier-Smith 2021
    - Genus Tetrahelia Cavalier-Smith 2021

According to a study by Yazaki et al. published in 2022, Microheliella is Cryptista's sister taxon.

References

^ Cavalier-Smith T (2022). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259: 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. PMC 9010356. PMID 34940909.
Burki F, Kaplan M, Tikhonenkov DV, Zlatogursky V, Minh BQ, Radaykina LV, Smirnov A, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ (January 2016). "Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista". Proc Biol Sci. 283 (1823). doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802. PMC 4795036. PMID 26817772.
Burki F, Inagaki Y, Bråte J, Archibald JM, Keeling PJ, Cavalier-Smith T, et al. (July 2009). "Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, telonemia and centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates". Genome Biol Evol. 1: 231–8. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193.
Cavalier-Smith; Chao; Lewis (2015), "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 331–362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004, PMID 26234272
Yabuki, A.; et al. (2012). "Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an ultrastructurally highly distinctive new axopodial protist species and genus, and the unity of phylum Heliozoa". Protist. 163 (3): 356–388. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.001. PMID 22153838.
Yazaki E, Yabuki A, Imaizumi A, Kume K, Hashimoto T, Inagaki Y (2022-04-13). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris". Open Biol. 12 (4): 210376. doi:10.1098/rsob.210376. PMC 9006020. PMID 35414259.

External links

Tree of Life: Hacrobia

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Eukaryote classification

(major groups

Mesomycetozoea)

Amoebozoa	Discosea Tubulinea Eumycetozoa Variosea Archamoebea Cutosea

Obazoa

Holomycota	Rotosphaerida Fungi¹

Holozoa

Filasterea
Choanozoa	Choanoflagellata Animalia¹

Provora

TSAR

Telonemia

SAR

Colponemida* Ciliophora
Myzozoa	Apicomplexa Chrompodellida Dinoflagellata Perkinsozoa

Platysulcus
Bigyra	Bicosoecida Placidozoa Sagenista
Gyrista	Developea Pirsoniales Hyphochytriomycetes Ochrophyta Oomycetes Actinophryida

CAM

Microheliella
Cryptista	Palpitomonas Cryptophyta

Viridiplantae
(Plants sensu lato)

Prasinodermophyta
Chlorophyta

Streptophyta	Chlorokybus Mesostigma Klebsormidiophyceae Charophyceae Coleochaetophyceae Zygnematophyceae Embryophyta¹

Jakobida Tsukubamonas
Discicristata	Heterolobosea Euglenozoa

Incertae sedis

Hemimastigophora	Spironematellidae Paramastigidae
Ancyromonadida	Ancyromonadidae Planomonadidae
CRuMs	Collodictyonidae Mantamonadida Rigifilida

¹traditional kingdoms excluded from protists
*paraphyletic groups
bold denotes groups with over 1,000 species

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Eukaryota: Hacrobia

(major groups

Mesomycetozoea)

Tetraheliidae

Microheliellida

Microhelida	Microheliellidae

Palpitomonadida	Palpitomonadidae

Katablepharidophyta

Katablepharidea

Katablepharida	Katablepharidae

Goniomonadida	Goniomonadidae
Hemiarmida	Hemiarmidae

Cryptomonadales	Butschliellaceae Cryptomonadaceae Cyathomonadaceae Hilleaceae Pleuromastigaceae
Pyrenomonadales	Baffinellaceae Chroomonadaceae Falcomonadaceae Geminigeraceae Pyrenomonadaceae
Tetragonidiales	Tetragonidiaceae

Nebulidia

Nebulidea

Nebulidida	Ancoracystidae

Nibbleridia

Nibbleridea

Nibbleridida	Nibbleridae

Spiculophryidae
Chthonida	Yogsothothidae
Acanthocystida	Acanthocystidae Marophryidae Raphidocystidae
Pterocystida	Choanocystidae Clypiferidae Heterophryidae Oxnerellidae Pterocystidae Raphidiophryidae

Pavlomulinales	Pavlomulinaceae
Rappemonadales	Rappemonadaceae

Pavlovales	Pavlovaceae

Prymnesiophyceae

Phaeocystales

Phaeocystaceae

Prymnesiophycidae

Prymnesiales	Chrysoculteraceae Chrysochromulinaceae Prymnesiaceae

Calcihaptophycidae

Coccolithales	Calcidiscaceae Coccolithaceae Hymenomonadaceae Reticulosphaeraceae Pleurochrysidaceae
Isochrysidales	Isochrysidaceae Noelaerhabdaceae †Prinsiaceae
Syracosphaerales	Calciosoleniaceae Rhabdosphaeraceae Syracosphaeraceae
Zygodiscales	Helicosphaeraceae Pontosphaeraceae †Zygodiscaceae

Taxon identifiers
Endohelea	Wikidata: Q26816910 CoL: 622D9 GBIF: 9735352 IRMNG: 11905004 Open Tree of Life: 7645997

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