Misplaced Pages

Exerkine

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Signaling molecules induced by exercise that mediate its systemic effects

An exerkine is a signaling molecule released in response to exercise that helps mediate systemic adaptations to exercise.

Background

Exerkines come in many forms, including hormones, metabolites, proteins and nucleic acids; are synthesized and secreted from a broad variety of tissues and cell types; and exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. These effects are thought to underly much of the health benefits of exercise in terms of enhanced resilience, healthspan and longevity.

The study of exerkines is the focus of the field of exercise endocrinology. Though the existence of exerkines had been speculated about as early as the 1960s, the identification of the first exerkine, IL-6, which is secreted from contracting muscles, didn't occur until 2000. In 2012 a new exerkine, irisin, was discovered and found to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, attracting significant scientific and public attention to the field. To date many thousands of potential exerkines have been identified, though only a limited number have been studied in any depth. Research is ongoing to understand how they function individually and in concert.

Etymology

The word 'exerkine' was coined in 2016 by Mark Tarnopolsky and colleagues, based on a combination of the beginning of 'exercise' and the beginning of κίνησις (kínēsis, Ancient Greek for 'movement').

References

  1. ^ Safdar, A; Saleem, A; Tarnopolsky, MA (September 2016). "The potential of endurance exercise-derived exosomes to treat metabolic diseases". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 12 (9): 504–517. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.76. PMID 27230949. S2CID 19695296.
  2. ^ Chow, LS; Gerszten, RE; Taylor, JM; Pedersen, BK; van Praag, H; Trappe, S; Febbraio, MA; Galis, ZS; Gao, Y; Haus, JM; Lanza, IR; Lavie, CJ; Lee, CH; Lucia, A; Moro, C; Pandey, A; Robbins, JM; Stanford, KI; Thackray, AE; Villeda, S; Watt, MJ; Xia, A; Zierath, JR; Goodpaster, BH; Snyder, MP (May 2022). "Exerkines in health, resilience and disease". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 18 (5): 273–289. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2. PMC 9554896. PMID 35304603.
  3. ^ Hackney, AC; Elliott-Sale, KJ (September 2021). "Exercise Endocrinology: 'What Comes Next?'". Endocrines. 2 (3): 167–170. doi:10.3390/endocrines2030017. PMC 8294195. PMID 34308413.
  4. Goldstein, MS (May 1961). "Humoral nature of the hypoglycemic factor of muscular work". Diabetes. 10 (3): 232–234. doi:10.2337/diab.10.3.232. PMID 13706674.
  5. Steensberg, A; van Hall, G; Osada, T; Sacchetti, M; Saltin, B; Klarlund Pedersen, B (15 November 2000). "Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6". The Journal of Physiology. 529 Pt 1 (Pt 1): 237–242. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00237.x. PMC 2270169. PMID 11080265.
  6. Boström, P; Wu, J; Jedrychowski, MP; Korde, A; Ye, L; Lo, JC; Rasbach, KA; Boström, EA; Choi, JH; Long, JZ; Kajimura, S; Zingaretti, MC; Vind, BF; Tu, H; Cinti, S; Højlund, K; Gygi, SP; Spiegelman, BM (11 January 2012). "A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis". Nature. 481 (7382): 463–468. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..463B. doi:10.1038/nature10777. PMC 3522098. PMID 22237023.
  7. Reynolds, Gretchen (11 Jan 2012). "Exercise Hormone May Fight Obesity and Diabetes". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  8. Reynolds, Gretchen (12 Oct 2016). "How Exercise May Turn White Fat Into Brown". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  9. Reynolds, Gretchen (16 Jan 2019). "How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. Reynolds, Gretchen (25 Aug 2021). "How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  11. Whitham, M; Parker, BL; Friedrichsen, M; Hingst, JR; Hjorth, M; Hughes, WE; Egan, CL; Cron, L; Watt, KI; Kuchel, RP; Jayasooriah, N; Estevez, E; Petzold, T; Suter, CM; Gregorevic, P; Kiens, B; Richter, EA; James, DE; Wojtaszewski, JFP; Febbraio, MA (9 January 2018). "Extracellular Vesicles Provide a Means for Tissue Crosstalk during Exercise". Cell Metabolism. 27 (1): 237–251.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.001. PMID 29320704.
  12. Contrepois, K; Wu, S; Moneghetti, KJ; Hornburg, D; Ahadi, S; Tsai, MS; Metwally, AA; Wei, E; Lee-McMullen, B; Quijada, JV; Chen, S; Christle, JW; Ellenberger, M; Balliu, B; Taylor, S; Durrant, MG; Knowles, DA; Choudhry, H; Ashland, M; Bahmani, A; Enslen, B; Amsallem, M; Kobayashi, Y; Avina, M; Perelman, D; Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose, SM; Zhou, W; Ashley, EA; Montgomery, SB; Chaib, H; Haddad, F; Snyder, MP (28 May 2020). "Molecular Choreography of Acute Exercise". Cell. 181 (5): 1112–1130.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.043. PMC 7299174. PMID 32470399.
Categories: