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Fogo Creole is the name given to the variant of Cape Verdean Creole spoken mainly in the Fogo of Cape Verde. It belongs to the Sotavento Creoles branch. The rankings of this form of Cape Verdean Creole is fourth after Santo Antão and ahead of Sal.

Characteristics

Besides the main characteristics of Sotavento Creoles the Fogo Creole has also the following ones:

• The progressive aspect of the present is formed by putting stâ before the verbs: stâ + V.
• The sound that originates from Portuguese /ɐ̃w/ (written ão) is represented by /ɐ̃/ instead of /õ/. Ex. coraçã /koɾɐˈsɐ̃/ instead of coraçõ /koɾɐˈsõ/ “heart”, mã /mɐ̃/ instead of mõ /mõ/ “hand”, razã /ʀɐˈzɐ̃/ instead of razõ /ʀɐˈzõ/ “reason”.
• The sound /l/ switches to /ɾ/ when it is at the end of syllables. Ex. ártu /ˈaɾtu/ instead of áltu /ˈaltu/ “tall”, curpâ /kuɾˈpɐ/ instead of culpâ /kulˈpɐ/ “to blame”, burcã /buɾˈkɐ̃/ instead of vulcõ /vulˈkõ/ “volcano”.
• The sound /ɾ/ disappears when it is at the end of words. Ex.: lugá’ /luˈɡa/ instead of lugár /luˈɡaɾ/ “place”, midjô’ /miˈdʒo/ instead of midjôr /miˈdʒoɾ/ “better”, mudjê’ /muˈdʒe/ instead of mudjêr /muˈdʒeɾ/ “woman”.
• The diphthongs (oral or nasal) are in general pronounced as vowels. Ex.: mã’ /mɒ̃/ instead of mãi /mɐ̃j/ “mother”, nã’ /nɐ̃/ instead of nãu /nɐ̃w/ “no”, pá’ /pɒ/ instead of pái /paj/ “father”, rê’ /re/ instead of rêi /rej/ “king”, tchapê’ /tʃɐˈpe/ instead of tchapêu /tʃɐˈpew/ “hat”.
• The pre-tonic sound /a/ is velarized near labial or velar consonants. Ex.: badjâ “to dance” pronounced , cabêlu “hair” pronounced , catchô’ “dog” pronounced .

Vocabulary

Grammar

Phonology

Alphabet

References

External links

• Short story collections in Fogo Creole by Elsie Clews Parsons
• Tenporal Sta Ben: Un Stória di Nho Lobu Archived 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine - children's short story in Fogo Creole and also in English

• Cape Verdean Creole
• Fogo, Cape Verde