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Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald

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Estonian writer, author of the national epic Kalevipoeg
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Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
Born26 December [O.S. 14 December] 1803
Jömper Manor, Jömper, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire
(in present-day Jõepere, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia)
Died25 August [O.S. 13 August] 1882 (aged 78)
Dorpat, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire
(present-day Tartu, Tartu County, Estonia)
Resting placeRaadi cemetery
OccupationWriter
MovementEstonian national awakening

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (26 December [O.S. 14 December] 1803 – 25 August [O.S. 13 August] 1882) was an Estonian writer and the author of the national epic Kalevipoeg.

Life

Kreutzwald reading a manuscript of Kalevipoeg by Johann Köler (1864).
Kreuzwald Memorial in Võru by Amandus Adamson (1926).

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald's parents were born at the Jömper estate, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire (in present-day Jõepere, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia) where his father Juhan worked as a shoemaker and granary keeper and mother Anne was a chambermaid. The family sent their son to continue his studies at the Wesenberg (Rakvere) district school.

In 1820, he graduated from secondary school in Dorpat (Tartu) and began working as an elementary school teacher. In 1833, Kreutzwald graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the Imperial University of Dorpat.

Bust of Kreutzwald by August Weizenberg, 1881

Kreutzwald married Marie Elisabeth Saedler on 18 August the same year. From 1833 to 1877, he worked as the municipal physician in Werro (Võru). He was the member of numerous scientific societies in Europe and received honorary doctorates from a number of universities.

Works

Kreutzwald Memorial Museum in Võru

Kreutzwald is the author of several moralistic folk books, most of them translated into German: Plague of Wine 1840, The World and Some Things One Can Find in It 1848–49, Reynard the Fox 1850, and Wise Men of Gotham 1857. In addition to these works, he composed the national epic Kalevipoeg (Kalev's Son), using material initially gathered by his friend Friedrich Robert Faehlmann; and wrote many other works based on Estonian folklore, such as Old Estonian Fairy-Tales (1866), collections of verses, and the poem Lembitu (1885), published after his death.

Kreutzwald is considered one of the intellectual leaders of the Estonian national awakening. He also was a role model for young Estonian-speaking intellectuals.

See also

References

  1. A. Plakans, A Concise History of the Baltic States (2011) p. 210
  2. "F. Reinhold Kreutzwald | Estonian Writer, Nationalist & Father of Estonian Literature | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  3. J. D. Rateliff, The History of the Hobbit (2007) p. 181
  4. T. Miljan ed., Historical Dictionary of Estonia (2004) p. 236

External links

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