γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

(Redirected from Gamma-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone)

γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Names

IUPAC name L-Tyrosyl-L-valyl-L-methionylglycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-arginyl-L-phenylalaninamide
Other names gamma-MSH, γ-melanotropin, γ-melanocortin, γ-intermedin
Identifiers
CAS Number	72629-65-3
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	24603539
PubChem CID	16146269
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30657546
InChI InChI=1S/C74H99N21O16S/c1-41(2)62(95-63(102)49(75)30-44-22-24-47(96)25-23-44)72(111)90-53(26-29-112-3)64(103)84-38-59(97)87-57(34-46-37-80-40-86-46)70(109)92-55(32-43-16-8-5-9-17-43)68(107)88-52(21-13-28-82-74(78)79)67(106)93-56(33-45-36-83-50-19-11-10-18-48(45)50)69(108)94-58(35-60(98)99)71(110)89-51(20-12-27-81-73(76)77)66(105)91-54(65(104)85-39-61(100)101)31-42-14-6-4-7-15-42/h4-11,14-19,22-25,36-37,40-41,49,51-58,62,83,96H,12-13,20-21,26-35,38-39,75H2,1-3H3,(H,80,86)(H,84,103)(H,85,104)(H,87,97)(H,88,107)(H,89,110)(H,90,111)(H,91,105)(H,92,109)(H,93,106)(H,94,108)(H,95,102)(H,98,99)(H,100,101)(H4,76,77,81)(H4,78,79,82)/t49-,51-,52+,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,62-/m0/s1Key: GZWUQPQBOGLSIM-XEMHBVLISA-N
SMILES CC(C)(C(=O)N(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N(CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N(CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)N(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N(CC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)(CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)N
Properties
Chemical formula	C₇₄H₉₉N₂₁O₁₆S
Molar mass	1570.80 g·mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide. It is a melanocortin, specifically, one of the three types of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and is produced from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). It is an agonist of the MC₁, MC₃, MC₄, and MC₅ receptors. It exists in three forms, γ₁-MSH, γ₂-MSH, and γ₃-MSH.

γ-MSH regulated cardiovascular functions. γ-MSH effects are measured through the effects it has on the central neural pathway dispersed throughout the kidney. It is not moderated based on tubular sodium transport. Gamma-MSH activates MC3R in renal tubular cells by limiting sodium absorption by inhibiting the central neural pathway. This regulates sodium balance and blood pressure. If MC3R is absent then there is resistance in γ-MSH which results in hypertension on HSD.

References

^ Kastin A (26 January 2013). Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides. Academic Press. pp. 838–844. ISBN 978-0-12-385096-6.
Jakubke HD, Sewald N (8 September 2008). Peptides from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-3-527-62117-0.
^ Kathpalia PP, Charlton C, Rajagopal M, Pao AC (May 2011). "The natriuretic mechanism of Gamma-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone". Peptides. 32 (5): 1068–1072. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.006. PMC 3112371. PMID 21335042.
Reudelhuber TL (April 2003). "Salt-sensitive hypertension: if only it were as simple as rocket science". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (8): 1115–1116. doi:10.1172/jci200316993. PMC 152948. PMID 12697727.

Hormones

Endocrine
glands

Hypothalamic–
pituitary

Hypothalamus	GnRH TRH Dopamine CRH GHRH Somatostatin (GHIH) MCH
Posterior pituitary	Oxytocin Vasopressin
Anterior pituitary	FSH LH TSH Prolactin POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH

Testis	Testosterone AMH Inhibin
Ovary	Estradiol Progesterone Activin Inhibin Relaxin GnSAF
Placenta	hCG HPL Estrogen Progesterone

Other

Stomach	Gastrin Ghrelin
Duodenum	CCK GIP Secretin Motilin VIP
Ileum	Enteroglucagon Peptide YY GLP-1
Liver/other	Insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 IGF-2

Adipose tissue

Skeleton

Osteocalcin

Kidney

Heart

Natriuretic peptide
- ANP
- BNP

Peptides: neuropeptides

Hormones

see hormones

Opioid peptides

Dynorphins	Dynorphin A Dynorphin A_1–8 Dynorphin B Big dynorphin Leumorphin α-Neoendorphin β-Neoendorphin
Endomorphins	Endomorphin-1 Endomorphin-2
Endorphins	α-Endorphin β-Endorphin γ-Endorphin
Enkephalins	Met-enkephalin Leu-enkephalin
Others	Adrenorphin Amidorphin Hemorphin Hemorphin-4 Nociceptin Opiorphin Spinorphin Valorphin

Other
neuropeptides

Kinins	Bradykinins Tachykinins: mammal Substance P Neurokinin A Neurokinin B amphibian Kassinin Physalaemin
Neuromedins	B N S U
Orexins	A B
Other	Angiotensin Bombesin Calcitonin gene-related peptide Carnosine Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript Delta-sleep-inducing peptide FMRFamide Galanin Galanin-like peptide Gastrin-releasing peptide Ghrelin Neuropeptide AF Neuropeptide FF Neuropeptide SF Neuropeptide VF Neuropeptide S Neuropeptide Y Neurophysins Neurotensin Pancreatic polypeptide Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide RVD-Hpα VGF

v t e Melanocortin receptor modulators
MC₁	Agonists: ACTH (corticotropin) Afamelanotide (melanotan I) BMS-470539 Bremelanotide HS-014 HS-024 MSH (α, β, γ) Melanotan II Modimelanotide PL-8177 SHU-8914 SHU-9005 SHU-9119 SNAP-7941 Antagonists: ASIP
MC₂	Agonists: ACTH (corticotropin) Alsactide Codactide Giractide Norleusactide (pentacosactride) Seractide Tetracosactide (tetracosactrin, cosyntropin) Tosactide (octacosactrin) Tricosactide Tridecactide
MC₃	Agonists: ACTH (corticotropin) Afamelanotide (melanotan I) Bremelanotide MSH (α, β, γ) Melanotan II Modimelanotide PG-931 Antagonists: AGRP ASIP HS-014 ML-00253764 PG-106 SHU-8914 SHU-9005 SHU-9119
MC₄	Agonists: ACTH (corticotropin) Afamelanotide (melanotan I) AZD2820 BIM-22493 Bremelanotide LY-2112688 MSH (α, β, γ) Melanotan II MK-0493 Modimelanotide PF-00446687 PG-931 PL-6983 Ro 27-3225 Setmelanotide THIQ Antagonists: AGRP ASIP HS-014 HS-024 HS-131 JKC-363 MCL-0020 MCL-0042 MCL-0129 ML-00253764 MPB-10 SHU-8914 SHU-9005 SHU-9119 Unknown: Semax
MC₅	Agonists: ACTH (corticotropin) Afamelanotide (melanotan I) Bremelanotide HS-014 HS-024 MSH (α, β, γ) Melanotan II Modimelanotide SHU-8914 SHU-9005 SHU-9119 Antagonists: ASIP ML-00253764 Unknown: Semax
Unsorted	Agonists: Alsactide Codactide Dersimelagon Giractide Norleusactide (pentacosactride) Seractide Tetracosactide (tetracosactrin, cosyntropin) Tosactide (octacosactrin) Tricosactide Tridecactide
Others	Propeptides: Lipotropin (β, γ) N-POMC (NPP, pro-γ-MSH) Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

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References