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A gig is a light, two-wheeled open carriage with large wheels, a forward facing seat, and shafts for a single horse. The gig's body is constructed above the shafts, and it is entered from step-irons hanging from the shaft in front of the wheels. Gigs are enclosed at the back, and have luggage space under the cross-seat. Early gigs were crude and unsprung; later gigs were elegant for town driving and were constructed with springs. The term "gig" is short for "whirligig".

The Oxford English Dictionary gives the date of first known reference to a horse-drawn gig as 1791, and they were ubiquitous by the early 1800s.

Gigs were typically named after their designers, builders, or their shape. There are several types of gig, including:

• Dennett gig: Early 1800's resembling the Stanhope gig but with three springs, one crosswise and two horizontal
• Skeleton gig: Very light; no luggage space.
• Spider gig: Very high gig, French version had high outward curving dash and curved shafts.
• Stanhope: typically having a high seat and closed back; designed and built by Fitzroy Stanhope around 1814.
• Stick-back gig: designed with the seat back made of sticks or ribs.
• Suicide gig: Very high gig popular in Ireland. Dangerous to drive or mount.
• Tilbury or Seven-spring gig: designed by Fitzroy Stanhope, but named after builder Tilbury. Heavier than the Stanhope because it had seven springs and two braces. Popular where roads were rough.
• Whiskey or whisky: lightweight, often constructed with canework. Named for whisking over the road.

Gigs travelling at night would normally carry two oil lamps with thick glass, known as gig-lamps. This led to the formerly common slang word "giglamps" for "spectacles".

Nineteenth century literature frequently recounted "romantic tales of spills and hairbreadth scapes" from these vehicles, but is equally fulsome on the fearful thrill experienced in driving them.

References

1. ^ Smith, D.J.M. (1988). A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0851314686. OL 11597864M.
2. ^ Walrond, Sallie (1979). The Encyclopaedia of Driving. Country Life Books. ISBN 0600331822. OL 4175648M.
3. Felton, William (1996) . A Treatise on Carriages (Reprint of both volumes). Astragal Press. ISBN 1879335700. OL 21753408M. (Original Vol I, Original Vol II)
4. Byrne, Aoife (2015). ""Very Knowing Gigs": Social Aspiration and the Gig Carriage in Jane Austen's Works". Persuasions: The Jane Austen Journal. 37: 198ff.
5. Newlin, A. (1940). An Exhibition of Carriage Designs. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 35(10), 186-191.
6. McCausland, Hugh. (2013). The English Carriage. Read Books Ltd.
7. For descriptions and definitions see: Berkebile, Donald. H. (2014). Carriage Terminology: An Historical Dictionary. Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 9781935623434
8. Nockolds, Harold, ed. (1977). The Coachmakers: A History of the Worshipful Company of Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers, 1677-1977. JA Allen. ISBN 0851312705. OL 26258137M.
9. "gig-lamps n." Green’s Dictionary of Slang. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
10. • Bradney, Jane (2005). "The Carriage-Drive in Humphry Repton's Landscapes". Garden History. 33 (1): 31–46. doi:10.2307/25434155. ISSN 0307-1243. JSTOR 25434155. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
    • Burgess, James W. (1881). A Practical Treatise on Coach-Building, Historical and Descriptive. Crosby Lockwood and Co. p. 13. OL 22890382M.

Further reading

• "Gigs, Cabriolets and Curricles". The Jane Austen Centre. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012.

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