| HQ-16 | |
|---|---|
 HQ-16A ground launcher | |
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2011 – present |
| Used by | Primary user: China See Operators section for others |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST) |
| Specifications | |
| Detonation mechanism | impact / proximity |
| Engine | rocket motor |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
| Operational range | 40 kilometres (25 mi) (HQ-16/HQ-16A) (slant) 70 kilometres (43 mi) (HQ-16B) 160 kilometres (99 mi) (HQ-16FE) |
| Guidance system | Semi-active radar homing |
| Launch platform | Transporter erector launcher Ship |
The HQ-16 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-16; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-16; pinyin: Hóng Qí-16; lit. 'Red Banner-16'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-16) is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) from the People's Republic of China. It is derived from earlier versions of the Russian Buk missile system.
Development
Development began in 2005, and was reportedly assisted by the Almaz-Antey Corporation. It was initially developed as a naval system. In late-2011, China reported the "co-development between Russia and China" of the missile was complete.
The HQ-16B was developed by late-2011.
A ground battery consists of a command post, two multifunction radars, and four to six launchers. Each launcher has six missiles.
Operational history
The platform for the HHQ-16, the Type 054A frigate, entered service in 2008. The HQ-16A entered service in 2011.
The HQ-16A entered Chinese service in 2011.
Pakistan entered negotiations to purchase the missile in 2015. The LY-80s entered service with the Pakistan Army in March 2017.
Variants
- HQ-16A
Original land-based variant with a range of 40 kilometres (25 mi).
- HHQ-16
Naval variant, reportedly a domestic-produced variant of the 9M317ME missile.
- HQ-16B
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).
- HQ-16C
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).
- LY-80
Export variant.
- LY-80N
Export naval variant.
- HQ-16FE
Improved variant with range up to 160 kilometres (99 mi).
Operators
- People's Liberation Army Ground Force – 250 HQ-16A & HQ-16B
- People's Liberation Army Navy – HHQ-16
- Pakistan Army – LY-80
- Pakistan Navy – LY-80N
References
- ^ United States Department of the Army 2021, p. C-3.
- ^ Chan, Minnie (15 November 2022). "China showcases latest missile defence systems at Zhuhai air show". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ Schwartz 2015, p. 28.
- ^ Fisher, Richard D. Jr.; Gibson, Neil (7 September 2016). "China develops longer-range HQ-16 SAM variant". janes.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. 15 February 2023.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Dominguez, Gabriel (15 January 2018). "PLAN inducts Type 054A frigate into North Sea Fleet". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ Cazalet, Mark; Dominguez, Gabriel (1 March 2021). "Air-defence brigade under PLAGF's 78th Group Army receives HQ-16 SAM systems". Janes. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- Einhorn & Sidhu 2017, p. 54.
- "Army inducts Chinese-built air defence system to its arsenal". Dawn.com. 12 March 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- Tada, Tomohiko (January 2015), "Shipboard Weapons of the World", Ships of the World (811), Kaijin-sha: 61, NAID 40020297435
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 298.
- The Military Balance 2024. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 256. ISBN 978-1032780047.
- The Military Balance 2024. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 257. ISBN 978-1032780047.
Sources
- Einhorn, Robert; Sidhu, W.P.S. (March 2017). The Strategic Chain: Linking Pakistan, India, China, and the United States (PDF) (Report). Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Series. Brookings Institution.
- The International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-03-227900-8.
- Schwartz, Paul (August 2015). Russia's Contribution to China's Surface Warfare Capabilities: Feeding the Dragon (PDF). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5879-2.
- United States Department of the Army (9 August 2021). Chinese Tactics (PDF). Army Techniques Publication. Washington, D.C. 7-100.3.
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