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Hesperolemur Temporal range: 49–37 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Ypresian - Priabonian
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Strepsirrhini
Family:	†Notharctidae
Genus:	†Hesperolemur Gunnell, 1995
Species:	†H. actius
Binomial name
†Hesperolemur actius Gunnell, 1995

Hesperolemur is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in the middle Eocene (49-37 million years ago) of southern California. It is an immigrant taxa which appears to be most closely related to the earlier European forms of Cantius. It was approximately 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb) in weight and was the last surviving notharctine species, probably because of its position in the refugia that existed in southern California during the climate deterioration at the end of the middle Eocene. There are no later taxa that appear to have derived from Hesperolemur.

The weak but present development of mesostyles and pseudohypocone link Hesperolemur to Cantius. Morphologically, Hesperolemur is distinct from other notharctine taxa in having a partially fused ectotympanic anulus in the auditory bulla, no stapedial artery, and no lower molar paraconids. As the specimen used to make these analyses was badly damaged, others have argued against the existence of such differences and move Hesperolemur to a species of Cantius, Cantius actius.

References

1. Gebo 2002, p. 24–25.

Literature cited

• Gebo, D.L. (2002). "Adapiformes: Phylogeny and adaptation". In Hartwig, W.C. (ed.). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2. OCLC 47254191.

• Fleagle, J. G. 1999. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. San Diego, Academic Press.
• Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
• Gebo, DL. 2002. Adapiformes: phylogeny and adaptation. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press
• Godinot, M. A Summary of Adapiform Systematics and Phylogeny. Folia Primatologica, 1998
• Gunnel, GF. New notharctine (primates, adapiformes) skull from the Uintan (middle Eocene) of San Diego County, California. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 98:4. 1995.
• Rose, KD et al. Skull of Early Eocene Cantius abditus (Primates:Adapiformes) and its phylogenetic implications, with a reevaluation of "Hesperolemur" actius. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1999 Aug;109(4):523-39.

v t e Strepsirrhini
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates
Strepsirrhini Strepsirrhini †Plesiopithecus †Sulaimanius †Notharctidae Cantius Copelemur Hesperolemur Notharctus Pelycodus Smilodectes †Ekgmowechashalidae Bugtilemur Ekgmowechashala Gatanthropus Muangthanhinius Palaeohodites †Cercamoniidae Agerinia Anchomomys Barnesia Buxella Donrussellia Mazateronodon Nievesia Panobius Periconodon Pronycticebus Protoadapis †Adapidae Adapis Cryptadapis Leptadapis Magnadapis Microadapis Palaeolemur †Asiadapidae Asiadapis Marcgodinotius †Sivaladapidae Anthradapis Guangxilemur Kyitchaungia Laomaki Paukkaungia Yunnanadapis Hoanghoniinae Hoanghonius Lushius Rencunius Wailekia Sivaladapinae Indraloris Ramadapis Siamoadapis Sinoadapis Sivaladapis †Caenopithecidae Adapoides Afradapis Aframonius Caenopithecus Darwinius Europolemur Godinotia Mahgarita Masradapis Mescalerolemur Namadapis Notnamaia? †Azibiidae Algeripithecus Azibius †Djebelemuridae Djebelemur Notnamaia? Omanodon Shizarodon Lemuriformes see below↓
Lemuriformes Lorisoidea †Karanisia? †Saharagalago Galagidae Euoticus Galago Galagoides †Komba †Laetolia Otolemur Paragalago †Progalago †Saharagalago? Sciurocheirus †Wadilemur Lorisidae †Mioeuoticus †Namaloris Lorisinae Loris †Nycticeboides Nycticebus Xanthonycticebus Perodicticinae Arctocebus Perodicticus Pseudopotto Lemuroidea Daubentonia Lepilemur †Megaladapis †Plesiopithecus? †Propotto Cheirogaleidae Allocebus Cheirogaleus Microcebus Mirza Phaner Lemuridae Eulemur Hapalemur Lemur †Pachylemur Varecia †Archaeolemuridae Archaeolemur Hadropithecus Indriidae Avahi Indri Propithecus †Palaeopropithecidae Archaeoindris Babakotia Mesopropithecus Palaeopropithecus
See also: Adapiformes Subfossil lemur

• Notharctidae
• Eocene primates
• Monotypic prehistoric primate genera
• Fossil taxa described in 1995
• Eocene mammals of North America