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Heterotremata
Xantho poressa (Xanthoidea: Xanthidae)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Brachyura
Section:	Eubrachyura
Subsection:	Heterotremata Guinot, 1977
Superfamilies
See text

Heterotremata is a clade of crabs, comprising those crabs in which the genital openings are on the sternum in females, but on the legs in males. It comprises 68 families in 28 superfamilies.

Evolution

Heterotremata is the sister group to Thoracotremata within the clade Eubrachyura, having diverged during the Cretaceous period. Eubrachyura itself is a subset of the larger clade Brachyura, which consists of all "true crabs". A summary of the high-level internal relationships within Brachyura can be shown in the cladogram below:

The internal relationships within Heterotremata are less certain, with many of the superfamilies found to be invalid. The proposed cladogram below is from analysis by Tsang et al, 2014:

Superfamilies

• Aethroidea
• Bellioidea
• Bythograeoidea
• Calappoidea
• Cancroidea
• Carpilioidea
• Cheiragonoidea
• Corystoidea
• Dairoidea
• Dorippoidea
• Eriphioidea
• Gecarcinucoidea
• Goneplacoidea
• Hexapodoidea
• Leucosioidea
• Majoidea
• Orithyioidea
• Palicoidea
• Parthenopoidea
• Pilumnoidea
• Portunoidea
• Potamoidea
• Pseudothelphusoidea
• Pseudozioidea
• Retroplumoidea
• Trapezioidea
• Trichodactyloidea
• Xanthoidea

However, recent studies have found the following superfamilies and families to not be monophyletic, but rather paraphyletic or polyphyletic:

• The superfamilies Calappoidea, Eriphioidea, and Goneplacoidea are polyphyletic
• The superfamily Potamoidea is paraphyletic with respect to Gecarcinucoidea, which is resolved by placing Gecarcinucidae within Potamoidea
• The Majoidea families Epialtidae, Mithracidae and Majidae are polyphyletic with respect to each other
• The Xanthoidea family Xanthidae is paraphyletic with respect to Panopeidae

References

1. Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
2. ^ Ling Ming Tsang; Christoph D. Schubart; Shane T. Ahyong; Joelle C.Y. Lai; Eugene Y.C. Au; Tin-Yam Chan; Peter K.L. Ng; Ka Hou Chu (2014). "Evolutionary History of True Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) and the Origin of Freshwater Crabs". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (5). Oxford University Press : 1173–1187. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu068.
3. ^ Wolfe, Joanna M.; Breinholt, Jesse W.; Crandall, Keith A.; Lemmon, Alan R.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Timm, Laura E.; Siddall, Mark E.; Bracken-Grissom, Heather D. (24 April 2019). "A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 286 (1901). doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0079. PMC 6501934. PMID 31014217.

External links

• Data related to Heterotremata at Wikispecies

v t e Superfamilies of Infraorder Brachyura (true crabs)
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Malacostraca Order Decapoda Suborder Pleocyemata
Dromiacea	Dakoticancroidea† Dromioidea Glaessneropsoidea† Homolodromioidea Homoloidea
Raninoida	Raninoidea
Cyclodorippoida	Cyclodorippoidea
Eubrachyura	Heterotremata Aethroidea Bellioidea Bythograeoidea Calappoidea Cancroidea Carpilioidea Cheiragonoidea Componocancroidea† Corystoidea Dairoidea Dorippoidea Eriphioidea Gecarcinucoidea Goneplacoidea Hexapodoidea Leucosioidea Majoidea Orithyioidea Palicoidea Parthenopoidea Pilumnoidea Portunoidea Potamoidea Pseudothelphusoidea Pseudozioidea Retroplumoidea Trapezioidea Trichodactyloidea Xanthoidea Thoracotremata Cryptochiroidea Grapsoidea Ocypodoidea Pinnotheroidea

• Crabs