Misplaced Pages

This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Hong Kong nationalism (Chinese: 香港民族主義 or 香港主義) is a system of thought that spans the folklore, culture, history, geography, society, and politics of Hong Kong. Hong Kong nationalism is generally considered a new phenomenon. The self-identification of the Hong Kong people had only been considered nationalism when the local discourse developed claims of self-determination, autonomy and varying degrees of separation from China.

Hong Kong nationalism is a strong desire to protect democracy in Hong Kong, it is values opposition to mainlandization and local Hong Kong identity. Many Hong Kong nationalists are opposed to Chinese state nationalism (中國國家主義).

History

Tens of thousands moved to Hong Kong in 1949 to escape the Chinese Communist Revolution. The population of Hong Kong increased from 1.8 million in 1947 to 2.2 million in 1951. As mainland Chinese fled to Hong Kong over the next 30 years, the population of Hong Kong increased by 1 million every 10 years. Those who experienced hunger and political struggle under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) internalized stronger anti-communist sentiments than Hong Kongers who did not experience CCP rule.

Distinct Hong Kong identity existed from the 1970s, but Hong Kong nationalist sentiment did not appear significantly until the Tiananmen massacre of 1989. The Tiananmen massacre and the pro-democracy movement in colonial Hong Kong strengthened feelings of division between Hong Kong and mainland China.

Since the 2010s, the Hong Kong nationalist movement has emerged as the "localist camp".

View of the United Kingdom

In the mid-20th century, anti-colonial Hong Kong nationalism was critical of British imperialism. It distinguished itself from Chinese nationalism and advocated regional characteristics such as Cantonese. Today however, some Hong Kong nationalists romanticize British Hong Kong as a consequence of their antipathy towards the mainland Chinese government.

Pro-Taiwanese sentiment

The Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict and the Umbrella Revolution reminded many Hong Kongers of the February 28 incident and the Sunflower Movement in Taiwan. Some young Hong Kongers have begun to support Hong Kong independence, showing a more favorable attitude towards Taiwanese independence.

Hong Kong independence

The Hong Kong independence movement is part of Hong Kong nationalism. Hong Kong independence activists reject "one country, two systems" (一國兩制) and support "two countries, two systems" (兩國兩制). The Hong Kong independence movement belongs to the 'radicals' even within the localist camp.

Criticism

Some media outlets have criticized the anti-mainland China sentiment that exists inside Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement. The more Hong Kong democracy activists employ anti-mainland rhetoric, rather than anti-oppression or anti-autocracy rhetoric, the more they provoke Chinese nationalists among the mainland population. This enables Chinese Communist Party leadership to reap political gains from a hardline stance.

Organizations

• Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence
• Civic Passion
• Democratic Progressive Party of Hong Kong
• Hong Kong Independence Party
• Hong Kong Indigenous
• Hong Kong National Front
• Hong Kong National Party
• Studentlocalism
• Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power
• Youngspiration

See also

• Cantonese nationalism
• Chinese imperialism, opposed by Hong Kong nationalists.
• "Glory to Hong Kong"
• Hong Kong Autonomy Movement, they emphasize Hong Kong identity but do not support independence.
• Hong Konger Front
• Local ethnic nationalism
• Shanghai National Party, an anti-communist "Shanghai nationalist" (上海民族主义) party claiming independence in Shanghai.
• Stateless nation
• Taiwanese nationalism

References

1. ^ Kevin Carrico (April 8, 2022). Two Systems, Two Countries: A Nationalist Guide to Hong Kong. University of California Press.
2. ^ Justin Chun-ting Ho (15 November 2023). "Hong Kong Anti-colonial Nationalism during the Chinese Language Campaign". Cambridge University Press. 258: 384–399. doi:10.1017/S0305741023001534.
3. "'Good' vs 'Bad' Nationalism in Asia: The task of keeping nationalism civic, rather than aggressive and authoritarian". The Diplomat. September 23, 2019.
4. ^ Daniel Cetrà; Coree Brown Swan (2022). State and Majority Nationalism in Plurinational States. Taylor & Francis. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-000-81250-3. On 1 July 2019, a group of protesters stormed the legislative council, graffitied it with political slogans and calls for reform, and placed a British Hong Kong colonial flag on the central podium-the ultimate statement of Hong Kong nationalism, or at least opposition to Chinese state nationalism.
5. "中門大開：厭共情緒". Next Media Limited. 2015-07-30. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06.
6. Andrew J. Nathan; Brian C. H. Fong; Jieh-min Wu (December 30, 2020). China's Influence and the Center-periphery Tug of War in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-28426-3.
7. "港大民研發放最新香港民眾身分認同調查結果". Public Opinion Programme, The University of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. (10-13/6/2013)
8. "孔诰峰：香港年轻人「本土认同」超过「大中华认同」". Radio Free Asia. 2013-06-11. Archived from the original on 2015-03-24.
9. "The Anti-Mainland Bigotry of Hong Kong's Democracy Movement". Foreign Policy. 2016-11-29.

v t e Foreign relations of Hong Kong
By country	Australia Canada France Georgia Germany India Indonesia Israel Liechtenstein Malaysia Maldives Namibia Nicaragua North Korea Pakistan Peru Philippines Qatar Singapore South Africa Spain Switzerland Taiwan Thailand United Kingdom United States
Relations within China	Macau Mainland China Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
Missions	Consular missions in Hong Kong Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices
Related topics	Basic Law One country, two systems Commerce and Economic Development Bureau Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau Free trade agreements Hongkongers by ethnicity and national origin Hong Kong diasporas Hong Kong nationalism Hong Kong Trade Development Council Hong Kong returnees Transfer of sovereignty

v t e 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
Part of democratic development in Hong Kong and the Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
Causes	Extradition bill Murder of Poon Hiu-wing Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict Umbrella Revolution
History	Timeline 2019 March–June July August September October November December 2020 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2021 January February March April May June July August September–November Incidents 12 June Storming of the Legislative Council Complex Yuen Long attack Hong Kong Way Prince Edward station attack CUHK conflict Siege of PolyU 2020 detainment of Hong Kong residents at sea by China Elections 2019 District Council election 2021 Legislative Council election pro-democracy primaries disqualification controversy postponement mass resignations mass arrests Deaths Chan Yin-lam Chow Tsz-lok Luo Changqing Marco Leung Ling-kit
Police misconduct	Allegations of police misconduct Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force Independent Police Complaints Council
Tactics and methods	Music "Glory to Hong Kong" "Do You Hear the People Sing?" "Sing Hallelujah to the Lord" "El pueblo unido jamás será vencido" Symbols Black Bauhinia flag Guy Fawkes mask Lady Liberty Hong Kong Pepe the Frog Winnie-the-Pooh Others Art and music Social media Boycotts of Chinese products HKmap.live LIHKG Lennon Wall "Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times" Liberate Hong Kong Spark Alliance Telegram Yellow economic circle
Reactions	Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation judicial review Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act Hong Kong Be Water Act 2020 Hong Kong national security law NPCSC's decision local effects international responses Hong Kong Autonomy Act Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Certification Act
Related articles	COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong Blitzchung controversy Civil Human Rights Front Demosistō Disappearance of Simon Cheng Emergency Regulations Ordinance Fujian gang Hong Kong nationalism Human rights in Hong Kong Lam chau Memorials for the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests 30th 31st 32nd Milk Tea Alliance National Anthem Ordinance Reclaim Sheung Shui San Uk Ling Holding Centre
Commons Category

• Anti-Chinese sentiment in Asia
• Hong Kong democracy movements
• Hong Kong independence movement
• Localism in Hong Kong
• Nationalist movements in Asia
• Nationalism in China
• Nationalisms
• Stateless nationalism in Asia