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Yi Cha-ch'un

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In this Korean name, the family name is Yi. King of Joseon (posthumously)
Yi Cha-ch'un
이자춘
李子春
King of Joseon (posthumously)
Darugachi
Reign1343–1356
Born20 January 1315
Aldong, Ssangseong Prefecture, Yuan dynasty
Died3 June 1361 (aged 46)
Gwiju-dong, Hamheung-bu, Dongbuk-myeon, Goryeo
BurialJeongneung tomb
Hamju County, South Hamgyeong Province, North Korea
SpouseLady Yi
Queen Uihye
Issue5 sons and 1 daughter
Posthumous name
  • First: King Hwan (환왕, 桓王; given in 1392 by King Taejo)
  • Last: King Yeonmu Seonghwan the Great (연무성환대왕, 淵武聖桓大王; given in 1411 by King Taejong)
Temple name
Hwanjo (환조; 桓祖)
HouseJeonju Yi
FatherYi Ch'un
MotherLady Bak of the Munju Bak clan

Yi Cha-ch'un (Korean: 이자춘; Hanja: 李子春; 20 January 1315 – 3 June 1361) or known by his Mongolian name Ulus Bukha (Korean: 울루스부카; Hanja: 吾魯思不花), was a minor military officer of the Yuan Empire who later transferred his allegiance to Goryeo and became the father of Yi Sŏng-gye, founder of the Joseon Dynasty.

Biography

Yi Cha-ch'un was a chiliarch of a Yuan Dynasty mingghan in Ssangseong Prefecture (present-day Kŭmya County, South Hamgyŏng Province, North Korea - former Goryeo territory annexed by Mongol Empire). After Ssangseong was reconquered by Goryeo under King Gongmin, he migrated to Hamju and got promoted to manho (the equivalent of the Mongolian myriarch of a tümen, lit. ten thousand or chief of ten thousand). He married a Goryeo-Korean lady from Anbyeon, who became Queen Uihye, the mother of Yi Sŏng-gye. He died in Hamgyong in 1361.

Since he was glamorized by his descendants, descriptions of Yi Cha-ch'un's life tend to be contradictory to each other. For example, he is said to have risen to the rank of scholar-official. However, when he died, the king at the time expressed condolences for Cha-ch'un as if for scholar-officials, implying that Yi Cha-ch'un was not a scholar-official.

Family

  1. Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Ch'oe clan (의혜왕후 영흥 최씨; 1304–?)
    1. Princess Jeonghwa (1330–?), First daughter
    2. Yi Sŏng-gye, King Taejo of Joseon (1335–1408), Third son
  2. Royal Noble Consort Yi of the Hansan Yi clan (빈 한산 이씨; 1319–1334)
    1. Yi Wŏn-gye, Grand Prince Wanpung (1330–1388), first son
    2. Yi Cheon-gye, Grand Prince Yeongseong (1333–1376), second son
  3. Princess Jeongan (정안옹주; 1320–1404)
    1. Yi Hwa, Grand Prince Uian (1348–1408), Fifth son
  4. Unknown woman (1325–?)
    1. Yi Yŏng (이영; 1341–1394), Fourth son

In popular culture

References

See also

Flag of the Joseon king House of Yi National seal of Joseon
Gyeongbokgung, the main palace of Joseon
Posthumous
King of Joseon
(1392–1897)
Emperor of Korea
(1897–1910)
Crown Prince
Daewongun
Rival king
King Yi
(1910–1947)
King Emeritus
(Deoksugung)
King
(Changdeokgung)
Crown Prince
Director of the
Royal Family Association
(1957–)
In office
Posthumous
recognition
Pretenders
  • denotes that the king was deposed and never received a temple name.
  1. Those who were listed were not reigning monarchs but posthumously recognized; the year following means the year of recognition.
  2. Only the crown princes that did not become the king were listed; the former year indicates when one officially became the heir and the latter one is that when one died/deposed. Those who ascended to the throne were excluded in the list for simplification.
  3. The title given to the biological father, who never reigned, of the kings who were adopted as the heir to a precedent king.
  4. The de jure monarch of Korea during the era was the Emperor of Japan, while the former Korean emperors were given nobility title "King Yi" instead.


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