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Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance (HOVER) is a proposed Venus orbiter for remote sensing of its clouds, chemistry, dynamics and surface. The main goal of the mission is research of Venus' climate. The mission is designed by LASP, University of Colorado, SwRI, and the University of Koln.

Main questions the mission would be able to answer are:

1. How do convection and chemistry produce the global clouds?
2. Where and how is solar energy deposited?
3. How is energy transported by largescale circulation?
4. What does Venus climate tell us about past climates?
5. How is Venus current climate impacted by current volcanism?

References

1. "Ilmuwan Usul NASA Mulai Misi ke Venus". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 October 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
2. ^ Esposito, Larry W.; Arney, Giada; Aye, Michael; Brecht, Amanda; Crisp, David; Bullock, Mark; Helbert, Joern; Holsclaw, Greg; Jessup, Kandis Lea; Jones, Andrew; Lee, Yeon Joo; Limaye, Sanjay; Marcq, Emmanuel; McClintock, Bill; McGouldrick, Kevin; Mills, Frank; Navarro, Thomas; Osterloo, Mikki; Parish, Helen; Pätzold, Martin (1 September 2019). "The Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance (HOVER)". Epsc-DPS Joint Meeting 2019. 2019: EPSC–DPS2019–340. Bibcode:2019EPSC...13..340E. Retrieved 15 December 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

v t e Spacecraft missions to Venus
Active missions	Orbiters Akatsuki Flybys Parker Solar Probe (en route) BepiColombo (en route) Solar Orbiter (en route) Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (en route)
Past missions	Orbiters Magellan Pioneer Venus Orbiter Venera 9 10 15 16 Venus Express Flybys Venera 1 Mariner 2 Zond 1 Venera 2 Mariner 5 10 Venera 11 12 13 14 Vega 1 2 Galileo Cassini–Huygens MESSENGER IKAROS Shin-en Descent probes Venera 3 4 5 6 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Landers Venera 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Vega 1 2 Pioneer Venus Small Probes Balloon probes Vega 1 2 Failed launches Tyazhely Sputnik Mariner 1 2MV-1 No.1 2MV-1 No.2 2MV-2 No.1 Kosmos 21 3MV-1 No.2 Kosmos 27 96 167 482
Planned missions	Orbiters Venus Orbiter Mission (2028) VERITAS (2031) EnVision (2031) Flybys Dragonfly (2028) MBR Explorer (2028) Tianwen-4 (2030) Descent probes Venus Life Finder (2025) DAVINCI (2031–2032)
Proposed missions	Venus missions CUVE Venera-D Zephyr Flybys Mercury-P Uranus Orbiter and Probe
Cancelled or not developed	AREE European Venus Explorer HAVOC HOVER Inspiration Mars Laplace-P TMK-Mavr VAMP Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar Vesta VICI VISAGE VISE VOICE VOX
Program overviews	Venera 3MV Mariner Pioneer Venus Vega
Related	Colonization Observations and explorations List of artificial objects on Venus List of missions Manned Venus flyby Terraforming VeSpR
Missions are ordered by launch date. indicates failure en route or before any data returned. indicates use of the planet as a gravity assist en route to another destination.

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