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INSL4
Identifiers
Aliases	INSL4, EPIL, PLACENTIN, insulin like 4
External IDs	OMIM: 600910; HomoloGene: 88662; GeneCards: INSL4; OMA:INSL4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9p24.1 Start 5,231,419 bp End 5,235,304 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in placenta gonad corpus epididymis stromal cell of endometrium cecum appendix liver smooth muscle tissue right lobe of liver popliteal artery n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding insulin-like growth factor receptor binding hormone activity Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process multicellular organism development female pregnancy cell-cell signaling cell population proliferation signal transduction regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3641 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000120211 n/a UniProt Q14641 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002195 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_002186 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 5.23 – 5.24 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Early placenta insulin-like peptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSL4 gene.

INSL4 encodes the insulin-like 4 protein, a member of the insulin superfamily. INSL4 encodes a precursor that undergoes post-translational cleavage to produce 3 polypeptide chains, A-C, that form tertiary structures composed of either all three chains, or just the A and B chains. Expression of INSL4 products occurs within the early placental cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120211 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. Chassin D, Laurent A, Janneau JL, Berger R, Bellet D (Aug 1996). "Cloning of a new member of the insulin gene superfamily (INSL4) expressed in human placenta". Genomics. 29 (2): 465–70. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9980. PMID 8666396.
4. Veitia R, Laurent A, Quintana-Murci L, Ottolenghi C, Fellous M, Vidaud M, McElreavey K (Oct 1998). "The INSL4 gene maps close to WI-5527 at 9p24.1→p23.3 clustered with two relaxin genes and outside the critical region for the monosomy 9p syndrome". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 81 (3–4): 275–7. doi:10.1159/000015045. PMID 9730618. S2CID 46801238.
5. ^ "Entrez Gene: INSL4 insulin-like 4 (placenta)".

Further reading

• Koman A, Cazaubon S, Couraud PO, et al. (1996). "Molecular characterization and in vitro biological activity of placentin, a new member of the insulin gene family". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (34): 20238–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20238. PMID 8702754.
• Bellet D, Lavaissiere L, Mock P, et al. (1997). "Identification of pro-EPIL and EPIL peptides translated from insulin-like 4 (INSL4) mRNA in human placenta". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (9): 3169–72. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.9.4359. PMID 9284764.
• Laurent A, Rouillac C, Delezoide AL, et al. (1999). "Insulin-like 4 (INSL4) gene expression in human embryonic and trophoblastic tissues". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51 (2): 123–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199810)51:2<123::AID-MRD1>3.0.CO;2-S. PMID 9740319. S2CID 13108724.
• Janneau JL, Maldonado-Estrada J, Tachdjian G, et al. (2002). "Transcriptional expression of genes involved in cell invasion and migration by normal and tumoral trophoblast cells". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (11): 5336–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021093. PMID 12414911.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Bièche I, Laurent A, Laurendeau I, et al. (2004). "Placenta-specific INSL4 expression is mediated by a human endogenous retrovirus element". Biol. Reprod. 68 (4): 1422–9. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.010322. PMID 12606452.
• Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, et al. (2004). "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9". Nature. 429 (6990): 369–74. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..369H. doi:10.1038/nature02465. PMC 2734081. PMID 15164053.
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2005). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Millar L, Streiner N, Webster L, et al. (2006). "Early placental insulin-like protein (INSL4 or EPIL) in placental and fetal membrane growth". Biol. Reprod. 73 (4): 695–702. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.039859. PMC 1382170. PMID 15958731.

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