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Indian Vaccination Act of 1832

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Act to vaccinate Indian Americans for smallpox
Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleAn Act to provide the means of extending the benefits of vaccination, as a preventive of small-pox, to the Indian tribes, and thereby, as far as possible, to save them from the destructive ravages of that disease.
Enacted bythe 22nd United States Congress
EffectiveMay 5, 1832
Citations
Public lawPub. L. 22–75
Statutes at Large4 Stat. 514
Legislative history
  • Introduced in the House as H.R. 526
  • Passed the House on April 9, 1832 (Passed)
  • Passed the Senate on April 24, 1832 (31-10)
  • Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 5, 1832

Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 is a US federal law passed by the US Congress in 1832. The purpose of the act was to vaccinate the American Indians against smallpox to prevent the spread of the disease.

History

The act was first passed on May 5, 1832. Lewis Cass, Secretary of War, designed the act. Members of Congress appropriated US$12,000 (approximately $400,000 in current money) to vaccinate them. By February 1, 1833, more than 17,000 Indians had been vaccinated.

Congress allocated $12,000 for the entire program, to be administered by Indian agents and sub-agents. Some US army surgeons refused to participate due to the lack of funds, leaving agents themselves and others with no medical training to produce and administer vaccines. However, not everyone was included. As a result, a few years later, smallpox killed 90% of the Mandan Indians, who had been excluded from the act. It also excluded Hidatsas and Arikaras.

References

  1. "H.R. 526 — 22nd Congress (1831-1833)". Congress.gov. U.S. Library of Congress.
  2. "U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox - Timeline - Native Voices". National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  3. Pearson, J. Diane (2003-08-28). "Lewis Cass and the Politics of Disease: The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832". Wíčazo Ša Review. 18 (2): 9–35. doi:10.1353/wic.2003.0017. ISSN 1533-7901. S2CID 154875430.
  4. Bloch Rubin, Ruth. "Public Health, Indian Removal, and the Growth of State Capacity, 1800-1850" (PDF). American Politics Workshop. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Section 2: Smallpox Among Indian Tribes | North Dakota Studies". North Dakota Studies. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  6. SHRAKE, PETER (2012). "The Silver Man: JOHN H. KINZIE AND THE FORT WINNEBAGO INDIAN AGENCY". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. 96 (2): 9–10. ISSN 0043-6534. JSTOR 24399556. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  7. Pearson, J. Diane (1997). The politics of disease: The Indian Vaccination Act, 1832. American Indian studies at the University of Arizona (Thesis). Retrieved 2020-03-30.

See also

History of Variola Inoculation
Benjamin Waterhouse Ottoman Smallpox Inoculation
Edward Jenner Smallpox Vaccine
James Smith Vaccine Act of 1813
John Redman Coxe Valentine Seaman
Norfolk Anti-Inoculation Riot of 1768 Variolation

Plenipotentiary letters regarding smallpox in Colonial America

General Court of Massachusetts Province Laws

Audio media archive

External links

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