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Indian locomotive class HG
Pakistan Railways HGS 2216 on the Khyber Pass Railway.
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer British Engineering Standards Association Builder Vulcan Foundry North British Locomotive Company Robert Stephenson & Company Kitson & Company Beyer, Peacock & Company Build date c.1907-1924 Total produced More than 500
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-8-0  • UIC 1'D n2 (HG class) 1'D h2 (HGS/HGC class) Gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) Leading dia. 3 ft 7 in (1,090 mm) Driver dia. Variant A: 5 ft 1+1⁄2 in (1,562 mm) Variant B: 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Wheelbase: ​  • Coupled Variant A: 17 ft (5.2 m) Variant B: 16 ft (4.9 m)  • incl. tender Variant A with 4000 gallon tender: 51 ft 6+7⁄8 in (15.719 m) Variant B with 4000 gallon tender: 50 ft 4+1⁄2 in (15.354 m) Length: ​  • Over buffers Variant A with 4000 gallon tender: 61 ft 6+1⁄4 in (18.752 m) Variant B with 4000 gallon tender: 60 ft 3+7⁄8 in (18.386 m) Width 9 ft 6 in (2,900 mm) Height 13 ft 6 in (4,110 mm) Axle load Variant A: 16.3 long tons (16.6 t) Variant B: 15.7 long tons (16.0 t) Fuel type Coal, later converted to oil-firing Fuel capacity 7.6t of coal (3000/4000 gal tenders) 10.2t of coal (4500 gal tender) Water cap. 3,000 or 4,000 or 4,500 imp gal (14,000 or 18,000 or 20,000 L; 3,600 or 4,800 or 5,400 US gal) Firebox: ​  • Type Belpaire  • Grate area Variant A: 35 sq ft (3.3 m) Variant B: 32 sq ft (3.0 m) Boiler pressure 180 psi (12.4 bar; 12.7 kgf/cm) Superheater Classes HGS & HGC: Schimdt Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size Variant A: 21 in × 26 in (533 mm × 660 mm) Variant B: 20 in × 26 in (508 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Slide (HG class) Piston (HGS/HGC class)
Performance figures Tractive effort Starting at 11.2 bar boiler pressure: * Variant A: 146 kN (33,000 lbf) * Variant B: 134 kN (30,000 lbf)
Career Operators Indian Railways Pakistan Railways Locale British Raj (until 1947) India (from 1947) Pakistan (from 1947) Retired Up until 2006 Preserved 2 (India) 4 (Pakistan) Disposition At least six preserved, remainder scrapped.

The Class HG (Heavy Goods) is a 2-8-0 goods steam locomotive, which was one of seven standard classes of broad gauge steam locomotives designed by the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA) for use in the British Raj in the mid-1900s.

This design was used by various railway companies of the British Raj, later passing on to Indian Railways and Pakistan Railways after the partition, the latter of which continued using these locomotives into the 21st century to haul the Khyber Steam Safari on the rugged Khyber Pass Railway.

History

The British Engineering Standards Committee (BESC, later renamed to the British Engineering Standards Association), founded in 1901, envisioned standardised locomotive classes for use in British India, to improve production and maintenance. In the second edition of the BESA report on British Indian standard locomotive classes of 1907, the HG class, designed for heavy goods trains, was first mentioned. As with the AP and HP class passenger locomotives, the HG was provided with three different tenders: the smaller 3000 gallon and 4000 gallon three-axle tenders, and the larger 4500 gallon bogie tender.

In addition, the 1907 BESA report also catalogued two variants: Variant A with 5 ft 1+1⁄2 in (1,562 mm) diameter driving wheels, which was proposed by the Indian Railways Ministry, and Variant B with 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) diameter driving wheels, in common with several other locomotives already in use on various railways, including the Bengal Nagpur Railway. Variant A, however, never saw production, and was excluded from the third edition of BESA's report in 1910.

From 1912, in common with other BESA designs, the HGS class was introduced, fitted with the Schmidt superheater - the S denotes superheated. The saturated HG locomotives that were later retrofitted with a superheater were given the classification of HGC - the C in the designation stands for converted. The superheated locomotives performed better than their saturated counterparts, as the latter were of British designs unsuited for the climate of the Indian subcontinent, due to their narrower fireboxes.

In 1947, after the British Raj was partitioned, 133 HG class locomotives of the North Western Railway ended up in the hands of Pakistan Railways. Indian Railways, who inherited the remainder, still had 168 HG class locomotives on the Central, Eastern, and South Eastern zones in June 1977, and were likely retired in the 1980s.

Pakistan Railways however, despite steam traction being mostly phased out in Pakistan in the 1990s, retained HGS 2216, 2277, and 2306 for use on the Khyber Pass Railway, where two of them worked top and tail on tourist trains to Landi Kotal, until 2006, when the railway suspended operations after monsoon rains damaged the line.

Preservation

Two of the Indian HG class locomotives have been preserved:

• HGS 26761 at the Rail Museum, Howrah
• Ex-NWR HGC 1598 (Vulcan no.2461) at the National Rail Museum, New Delhi

Four of the Pakistani HGS class locomotives are known to have survived, most recently used at a steam event around Attock in April 2020.

See also

• Indian locomotive class HP
• Indian locomotive class AP
• Indian locomotive class SG
• Indian locomotive class SP
• Indian locomotive class PT
• Indian locomotive class HT
• Locomotives of India
• Locomotives of Pakistan
• Khyber Train Safari
• Khyber Pass Railway
• Retirement of steam locomotives by country
• Steam locomotives of the 21st century

Notes

1. Built in 1909 as a HG class, converted in 1929.

References

1. "History of Steam: Broad Gauge". www.indiansteamrailwaysociety.in. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
2. Bhandari, R R. "Steam in History (Broad Gauge Steam Locomotives)". www.irfca.org. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
3. Second report of the Locomotive committee on standard locomotives for Indian railways. February 1907. p. 4. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
4. Second report of the Locomotive committee on standard locomotives for Indian railways. February 1907. p. 5. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
5. "History of Steam: Broad Gauge". www.indiansteamrailwaysociety.in. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 15 July 2024. ... and also the alternate 2-8-0 Heavy Goods design which never materialised.
6. ^ Hughes 1979, p. 18.
7. Indian Industries and Power, Volume 7. 1909. p. 275. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
8. "Steam Locomotives Classes: Steam Locomotives". irfca.org. Retrieved 15 July 2024. Some locomotives were also converted from saturated to superheated to better perform in Indian conditions.
9. "North British Locomotive Company Glasgow (NBL) L195, Indian State Railway (ISR)-North Western Railway". ba.e-pics.ethz.ch. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
10. Hughes 1979, p. 90.
11. Abbasi, Obaid Ur Rehman (24 January 2021). "The forgotten train". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
12. Mughal, Owais (September 2006). "Khyber Pass Railway". www.irfca.org. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
13. "Pakistan Steam - the last gasp?". www.internationalsteam.co.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
14. "Preserved Steam Locomotives (2016)" (PDF). indianrailways.gov.in. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
15. "National Rail Museum New Delhi". erail.in. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
16. Hughes 1979, p. 91.
17. "Pakistan: Broad gauge steam around Attock with 4 HG/S in steam!". www.tanago.de. Retrieved 17 July 2024.

• Hughes, Hugh (1979). Steam locomotives in India, Part 3 – Broad Gauge. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 978-0-9503469-4-6.

v t e Broad-gauge locomotives of India
Steam	BESA designs SP SG PT HP AP HG HT IRS designs XA XB XC XD XE XF XG XH XP XT XS World War II designs AWD AWE CWD AWC IGR standard designs WP WG WL (1939) WL (1955) WM WT WU WV WW
Diesel	Mixed type WDM-1 WDM-2 WDM-2G WDM-3 WDM-3A (3C) WDM-3D (3B, 3E, 3F) WDM-4 WDM-6 WDM-7 Passenger WDP-1 WDP-2/3A WDP-4 (4B, 4D) Goods WDG-2/3A (3B,3C,3D) WDG-4 (4D) WDG-4G WDG-5 WDG-6G Shunting WDS-1 WDS-2 WDS-3/4C WDS-4 (4A, 4B, 4D) WDS-5 WDS-6 WDS-8
DC electric	Mixed type WCM-1 WCM-2 WCM-3 WCM-4 WCM-5 WCM-6 Passenger WCP-1 WCP-2 WCP-3 WCP-4 Goods WCG-1 WCG-2
AC electric	Mixed type WAM-1 WAM-2 WAM-3 WAM-4 Passenger WAP-1 WAP-2 WAP-3 WAP-4 WAP-5 WAP-6 WAP-7 Goods WAG-1 WAG-2 WAG-3 WAG-4 WAG-5 WAG-6A WAG-6B/6C WAG-7 WAG-8 WAG-9 WAGC-3/WAG-10 WAG-11 WAG-12
Dual (AC and DC) electric	Mixed type WCAM-1 WCAM-2/2P WCAM-3 Goods WCAG-1
Dual mode	Passenger WDAP-5

• Steam locomotives of India
• Steam locomotives of Pakistan
• 5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
• 2-8-0 locomotives
• 1′D h2 locomotives
• 1′D n2 locomotives
• Railway locomotives introduced in 1907
• Freight locomotives
• Vulcan Foundry locomotives
• NBL locomotives
• Robert Stephenson and Company locomotives
• Kitson locomotives
• Beyer, Peacock locomotives