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Intersalt study

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The INTERSALT Study was a 1988 international observational study which investigated the link between dietary salt, as measured by urinary excretion, and blood pressure. The study was based on a sample of 10,079 men and women aged 20–59 sampled from 52 populations around the world. The authors of the study provided a widespread international investigation of the correlation between dietary salt intake and blood pressure in a systematic and standardized way with regards for relevant confounding variables, beyond just age and sex.

Results

The study found a significant direct relationship between dietary salt intake, the urinary sodium:potassium ratio and systolic blood pressure, and between salt intake and the slope of blood pressure with age – both for all 52 populations, and for 48 populations excluding four low-sodium populations (Yanomamo and Xingu Indians of Brazil, Papua New Guinea and rural Kenya).

Reception

The results were disputed by the Salt Institute (the salt producers' trade organisation, since disbanded), who demanded that the results be handed over for re-analysis. A re-analysis was published in 1996 and the results were the same. The results have since been confirmed by the TOHP I and TOHP II studies,trials of salt reduction and blood pressure in chimpanzees, meta-analyses of the human clinical trial data and the SSaSS trial of salt substitute and cardiovascular disease.

References

  1. ^ Intersalt Cooperative Research Group (1988). "Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion". Br Med J. 297 (6644): 319–28. doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319. PMC 1834069. PMID 3416162.
  2. Godlee F (2007). "Editor's choice: Time to talk salt". Br Med J. 334 (7599): 0. doi:10.1136/bmj.39196.679537.47. PMC 1858563.
  3. Elliott P, Stamler J, Nichols R, et al. (1996). "Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group". Br Med J. 312 (7041): 1249–53. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1249. PMC 2351086. PMID 8634612.
  4. Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E, et al. (2007). "Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)". Br Med J. 334 (7599): 885–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55. PMC 1857760. PMID 17449506.
  5. Elliott, Paul; Walker, Lesley L.; Little, Mark P.; Blair-West, John R.; Shade, Robert E.; Lee, D. Rick; Rouquet, Pierre; Leroy, Eric; Jeunemaitre, Xavier; Ardaillou, Raymond; Paillard, Francoise; Meneton, Pierre; Denton, Derek A. (2 October 2007). "Change in Salt Intake Affects Blood Pressure of Chimpanzees: Implications for Human Populations". Circulation. 116 (14): 1563–1568. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675579.
  6. Denton, Derek; Weisinger, Richard; Mundy, Nicholas I.; Wickings, E. Jean; Dixson, Alan; Moisson, Pierre; Pingard, Anne Marie; Shade, Robert; Carey, D.; Ardaillou, Raymond; Paillard, Françhise; Chapman, John; Thillet, Joelle; Baptiste Michel, Jean (October 1995). "The effect of increased salt intake on blood pressure of chimpanzees". Nature Medicine. 1 (10): 1009–1016. doi:10.1038/nm1095-1009.
  7. Aburto, N. J.; Ziolkovska, A.; Hooper, L.; Elliott, P.; Cappuccio, F. P.; Meerpohl, J. J. (3 April 2013). "Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses". BMJ. 346 (apr03 3): f1326 – f1326. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1326. PMC 4816261.
  8. Neal, Bruce; Wu, Yangfeng; Feng, Xiangxian; Zhang, Ruijuan; Zhang, Yuhong; Shi, Jingpu; Zhang, Jianxin; Tian, Maoyi; Huang, Liping; Li, Zhifang; Yu, Yan; Zhao, Yi; Zhou, Bo; Sun, Jixin; Liu, Yishu; Yin, Xuejun; Hao, Zhixin; Yu, Jie; Li, Ka-Chun; Zhang, Xinyi; Duan, Peifen; Wang, Faxuan; Ma, Bing; Shi, Weiwei; Di Tanna, Gian Luca; Stepien, Sandrine; Shan, Sana; Pearson, Sallie-Anne; Li, Nicole; Yan, Lijing L.; Labarthe, Darwin; Elliott, Paul (16 September 2021). "Effect of Salt Substitution on Cardiovascular Events and Death". New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (12): 1067–1077. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2105675.
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