Town in Aukštaitija, Lithuania
| Josvainiai | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
  JosvainiaiShow map of Lithuania JosvainiaiShow map of Kėdainiai District Municipality | |
| Coordinates: 55°14′50″N 23°50′00″E / 55.24722°N 23.83333°E / 55.24722; 23.83333 | |
| Country | Lithuania |
| Ethnographic region | Aukštaitija |
| County |  Kaunas County |
| Municipality | Kėdainiai district municipality |
| Eldership | Josvainiai Eldership |
| Capital of | Josvainiai eldership |
| First mentioned | 1486 |
| Granted city rights | March 29, 1792 |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,122 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Josvainiai (formerly Polish: Jaswojnie, Russian: Ясвойни, Ясвойне) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Šušvė River 10 km southwest from Kėdainiai. The town comprises the Catholic All Saints Church, a gymnasium, a post office, a public library, a stud farm, and a culture house.
History
The toponym Josvainiai probably derives from the unattested Lithuanian personal name *Josvainis.
Historians believe that there was a medieval castle in Josvainiai, attacked many times by the Teutonic Knights. In 1486 Josvainiai was mentioned as a town. During the 16th century the royal manor of Josvainiai and the first wooden church were mentioned. During the wars of the 16th–17th centuries Josvainiai castle was devastated by Swedes.
The town was granted city rights and a coat of arms on March 29, 1792. On July 19, 2006, the town was granted a renewed coat of arms by a presidential decree.
During the Soviet era Josvainiai was a center of a selsovet and kolkhoz.
Jewish community
Jews first settled in Josvainiai in the 17th century. By 1897, 534 Jews lived in the town, constituting 40% of the total population. There was a synagogue and a Jewish school. Most Jews were expelled during World War I. In their absence, a large portion of the town burned down. After the War, some returned. Before The Holocaust, the Jewish population was 270 and included about 70 families. They lived around the marketplace and on nearby streets. During World War II, 282 Jews were murdered in a mass execution: 86 men, 110 women, and 86 children.
Demography
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| Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Images
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A mausoleum in the Josvainiai cemetery
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Šušvė in Josvainiai
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Josvainiai town center
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Bus stop of Josvainiai (now destroyed)
References
- ^ "Josvainiai". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 8. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. 2005. p. 732. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Josvainiai". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 2. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. 1986. p. 135.
- Shmuel Spector,ed, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, New York University Press, 2001, p578
- Schoenburg, N&S: Lithuanian Jewish Communities, Northvale, New Jersey, 1996
- "Collections Search – United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Search Results".
- "Pinkas Hakehillot Lita: Josvainiai".
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