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Katla (also Kaalak or Kwaalak) is a Katla language, closely related to a neighbouring language called Tima. Katla is generally classified as Kordofanian, which is not a uniform branch, and is native to the Nuba Mountains. While Jalad is seen a dialect there is a clear distinction between the two groups. Similarly one can distinguish Katla into east and west Katla dialects, it is believed to be spoken in 11 villages around Jebel Katla and their ethnicity is kàlàk.

The variety Julud is mutually intelligible with Katla-Kulharong but not with Katla-Cakom.

Phonology

Consonants

Sounds and occur as realizations of /s/.

Vowels

/i, u/ can also be realized as .

Nouns

Plural

Most of the time nouns in Katla do not have a plural, either numbers are put in front of the word or a quantifier is used. Often loanwords do not follow this rule and therefore change in their plural form.

Genitive case

In some cases Katla places the genitive after the subject, as in other Sudanese languages: ‚u gbalana‘ " the dog’s owner ". Usually this is avoided and put in between both nouns: ‚gas i gu‘ „the dog’s head“.

Subjective case

The subjective case is put infringement of the verb. In the case of multiple objects each one gets a case:

‘gu šekemole retet’ “The dog bit the gazelle”

Pronouns

Numbers

Source:

1. tẹták
2. sẹk
3. hātẹd
4. agálam
5. jẹgwūlẹn
6. djọltẹn
7. djolēk
8. taṅgẹl
9. djalbatẹn
10. rākwẹs

Dialects and locations

Dialects and village locations:

• Julud dialect: Kabog, Kabog North, Kabosh, Kambai, Karkando, Karkarya, Kary, Kimndang, Kitanngo, Kolbi, Koto Kork, Octiang, Rumber, Sabba, and Tolot
• Katla dialect: Bombori, Karoka, Kateik, Kiddu, Kirkpong, and Koldrong

References

1. Katla language at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
2. ^ Katla at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
3. Birgit Hellwig 2013, p. 238. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBirgit_Hellwig2013 (help)
4. ^ Brigit Hellwig 2013, p. 238. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrigit_Hellwig2013 (help)
5. ^ Tucker, Archibald N.; Bryan, Margaret A. (1966). The Katla Group. In Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa: London: Oxford University Press.
6. ^ Nüsslein, Ulrike (2020). A Grammar of Kordofanian Julut with Particular Consideration of the Verbal Morphology. Köln: Köppe. pp. 30–31.
7. Meinhof 1917, p. 219. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeinhof1917 (help)
8. ^ Meinhof 1917, p. 221. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeinhof1917 (help)
9. Meinhof, Carl. 1916-1917. Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan 14: Katla. Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen VII. 212-235. p.224
10. Meinhof, Carl. 1916-1917. Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan 14: Katla. Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen VII. 212-235. p.223

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