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Kanasubigi

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Title of early Bulgar rulers

Kanasubigi (Greek: ΚΑΝΑΣΥΒΙΓΙ), possibly read as Kanas Ubigi or Kanas U Bigi, was a title of the early Bulgar rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire. Omurtag (814–831) and his son Malamir (831–836) are mentioned in inscriptions as Kanasubigi.

The title khan for early Bulgarian rulers is an assumed one, as only the form kanasubigi or "kanasybigi" is attested in stone inscriptions. Historians presume that it includes the title khan in its archaic form kana, and there is a presumptive evidence suggesting that the latter title was indeed used in Bulgaria, e.g. the name of one of the Bulgars' ruler Pagan occurs in Patriarch Nicephorus's so-called breviarium as Καμπαγάνος (Kampaganos), likely an erroneous rendition of the phrase "Khan Pagan". Among the proposed translations for the phrase kanasubigi as a whole are lord of the army, from the reconstructed Turkic phrase *sü begi, paralleling the attested Old Turkic sü baši, and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the Indo-European *su- and baga-, i.e. *su-baga (an equivalent of the Greek phrase ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων, ho ek Theou archon, which is common in Bulgar inscriptions). Another presumption is that the title means the great khan. This titulature presumably persisted until the Bulgars adopted Christianity. Some Bulgar inscriptions written in Greek and later in Slavonic refer to the Bulgarian ruler respectively with the Greek title archon or the Slavic title knyaz.

See also

References

  1. Николов, Г., Централизъм и регионализъм в ранносредновековна България (края на VII – началото на XI в.), Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, София 2005, ISBN 954-430-787-7, с. 107.
  2. Гюзелев, В., Кавханите и ичиргу-боилите на българското ханство-царство (VII – XI в.), Фондация Българско историческо наследство; Пловдив 2007, ISBN 978-954-91983-1-7, с. 40, 61;
  3. Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, “The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans ; , BRILL, 2008, p. 363, ISBN 9789004163898
  4. Източници за българската история . Fontes historiae bulgaricae, VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p. 305 (in Byzantine Greek and Bulgarian). Also available online
  5. Veselin Beševliev, Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici - 5
  6. "Digital object identifier - Early Medieval Europe, vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 1-19, March 2001 (Article Abstract)". doi:10.1111/1468-0254.00077. S2CID 154863640. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. Élisabeth Malamut, À propos des formules protocolaires concernant les Bulgares dans le Livre des Cérémonies: réception et correspondance In: La diplomatie byzantine, de l’Empire romain aux confins de l’Europe (Ve-XVe s.); pages: 129–155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004433380_007
  8. Sedlar, Jean W,. East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500, p. 46
  9. Manassias Chronicle, Vatican transcription, p. 145, see Battle of Pliska

Bibliography

  • Hanswilhelm Haefs, Das goldene Reich der Pamir-Bulgaren an Donau und Wardar (p. 120), ISBN 3-8334-2340-4
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