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| Kato | |
|---|---|
| Cahto | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | California (Eel River) |
| Ethnicity | Cahto people |
| Extinct | 1960s |
| Revival | 2010s |
| Language family | Dené–Yeniseian?
|
| Writing system | Latin (proposed) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ktw |
| Glottolog | kato1244 |
Cahto (also spelled Kato) is an extinct Athabaskan language that was formerly spoken by the Kato people of the Laytonville and Branscomb area at the head of the South Fork of the Eel River. It is one of the four languages belonging to the California Athabaskan cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages. Most Kato speakers were bilingual in Northern Pomo and some also spoke Yuki. It went extinct in the 1960s.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | plain | labial | ||||||||
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ | ||||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
unaspirated | p~b ⟨b⟩ | t~d ⟨d⟩ | ts ⟨ts⟩ | t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ ⟨dj⟩ | c~ɟ ⟨g⟩ | k~g ⟨g⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | k~q ⟨q⟩ | ʔ ⟨′⟩ | |
| ejective | tʼ ⟨t'⟩ | tsʼ ⟨ts'⟩ | tɬʼ ⟨L⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨tc'⟩ | cʼ ⟨k'⟩ | kʼ ⟨k'⟩ | kʷʼ ⟨kw'⟩ | ||||
| aspirated | tʰ ⟨t⟩ | t͡ʃʰ ⟨tc⟩ | cʰ ⟨k⟩ | kʰ ⟨k⟩ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨ʟ⟩ | ʃ ⟨c⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | ||||||
| voiced | z ⟨z⟩ | ʒ | ɣ ⟨ɢ⟩ | ||||||||
| Approximant | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | ||||||||
Cahto has 26 consonant phonemes and 30 phones.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | Diphthong | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | ī | [ɪ] i ~ [ʊ] û | ū | ai |
| High-Mid | ē | [e] ɛ ~ [ə] ę | ō | |
| Low-Mid | [ɛ] ɛ ~ [ə] ę | [ʌ] ą ~ [a] a | ||
| Low | ā, [ʌ] ą ~ [a] a | |||
Cahto has 9 vowel phonemes (including the diphthong) and 12 phones.
References
- ^ Anderson, Sally R. (1996-12-12). "Cahto Language Homepage". www.turtlenodes.com. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ Kato at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Golla, Victor (2011). California Indian languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4. OCLC 668191602.
- Goddard, Pliny Earle; Bill Ray (1909). Kato texts. The University Press. Retrieved 24 August 2012. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 5(3):65-238.
- Goddard, Pliny Earle (1912). Elements of the Kato Language. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 11(1):1-176.
- Goddard, Pliny Earle (1916). Elements of the Kato language (PDF). University of California Press. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- Golla, Victor (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-052-026667-4.
External links
- Kato language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Kato Language (Cahto), nativelanguages.org
- The Cahto ("Kato") Language
- Experimental Cahto lexical database
- OLAC resources in and about the Kato language
- Kato Bibliography
- Kato basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
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| Athabaskan languages | |||||||||||
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| Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||
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