Misplaced Pages

Kungarakany language

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Koongurrukuñ language) Extinct Australian Aboriginal language

‹ The template Infobox language is being considered for merging. ›
Kungarakany
Gungaragany
Koongurrukuñ
Native toAustralia
RegionNorthern Territory
EthnicityKungarakan people
Extinct1989, with the death of Madeline England
Revival2000
Language familyMacro-Gunwinyguan?
  • Kungarakany
Dialects
  • Gungarakanj
  • ? Mukngirru
Language codes
ISO 639-3ggk
Glottologkung1259
AIATSISN14 Kungarakany, N189 Mukngirru
ELPKungarakany

  Kungarakany (at left of colored area)

The Kungarakany language, also spelt Kungarakan, Gunerakan, Gungaragan, Gungarakanj, and Kangarraga, is an extinct Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory. Mukngirru was likely a dialect. It became extinct after the last speaker, Madeline England, died in 1989. It is currently undergoing a revival through an AIATSIS language grant and through the efforts of many dedicated people who have contributed their time, expertise and knowledge to revive this once thought extinct language.

Revival

The revitalisation of the Kungarakany language has been possible through a partnership between the Batchelor Institute Indigenous Tertiary Education and the Kungarakan Culture and Education Association. This phoenix language has risen from the ashes by the efforts and contributions of many, including the historical voice recordings of George Abluk, Madeleine England and Val McGinness, and the comprehensive lexicon Ngun Koongurrkun by Senior Elder Ida Koormundum Bishop.

Koormundum persevered over 30 years to restore and revive the language, motivated by a promise to her mother Margaret Edwards (McGuinness) to record the language of Kungarakany country. This would not have been possible without the support of her relatives, tribal Elders such as, Uncles John (Jack McGinness), Val McGinness and Joseph Daniel McGinness, George Abluk, Magdeline England, Roger Yates, Jimmy Tupnook and Edith Cowan University’s Toby Metcalfe and her mentor, her mother.

Phonology

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Palatal Alveolar Retroflex
Plosive p/b k/ɡ c/ɟ t/d ʈ/ɖ
Nasal m ŋ ɲ n ɳ
Rhotic ɾ
Lateral l ɭ
Approximant w j ɻ
  • /ɾ/ can also be heard as a trill within vowel positions.
  • A glottal is also said to occur as lightly aspirated, in word-final position, after vowels /e, o, u/.

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a
Phoneme Allophone
/i/ ,
/e/ , ,
/a/ , , ,
/o/ , , ,
/u/ ,

References

  1. ^ "Language « Kungarakan Culture & Education Association". kungarakan.org.au. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  2. N14 Kungarakany at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies  (see the info box for additional links)
  3. "Centre for Australian Languages and Linguistics". Centre for Australian Languages and Linguistics. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  4. Bishop, Ida M. (Koormundum) (2000). Nguñ Koongurrukuñ: Speak Koongurrukun. Perth, W.A.
Pama–Nyungan languages
Paman languages
North
Northeast
Wik
Lamalamic
Yalanjic
Southwest
Norman
Thaypan
Southern
Other
Eastern Pama–Nyungan
Dyirbalic
Maric
Waka–Kabic
Durubalic
Gumbaynggiric
Wiradhuric
Yuin–Kuric
Gippsland
Yugambeh–Bandjalang
Other
Southern Pama–Nyungan
Yotayotic
KulinicKolakngat
Kulin
Drual
Lower Murray
Thura-Yura
Mirniny
Nyungic
Western Pama–Nyungan
Kartu
Kanyara–Mantharta
Ngayarta
Marrngu
Northern Pama–Nyungan
Ngumpin–Yapa
Warumungu
Warluwaric
Kalkatungic
Mayi
Central Pama–Nyungan
Wati
Arandic
Karnic
Other
Other Pama–Nyungan
Yolŋu
Other
Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
Macro-Gunwinyguan
Maningrida
Mangarrayi-Marran
Gunwinyguan
Other
Tangkic
Garrwan
  • Italics indicate extinct languages.
Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages
Pama–Nyungan
subgroups
Southeastern
Victorian P–N
New South Wales P–N
North Coast
Northern
Paman
Maric
Dyirbalic
Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
Gulf
Central
Arandic–Thura–Yura
Karnic
Western
Yolŋu
Ngarna/Warluwarric
Desert Nyungic
South-West P–N
Tangkic
Garrwan
Macro-Gunwinyguan ?
Maningrida
Marran
Gunwinyguan proper
Western
Central
Eastern
YangmanicWagiman?
Other isolates
Iwaidjan
Central (Warrkbi)
Eastern (Goulburn Island)
Southern
Marrku–Wurrugu ?
Darwin Region ?
Limilngan–Wulna?
Umbugarlic
Daly River Sprachbund
Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
Northern Daly
Western Daly
Eastern Daly
Southern Daly
Mirndi
Yirram
Ngurlun
Jarrakan
Bunuban
Worrorran
Nyulnyulan
Western (Nyulnyulic)
Eastern (Dyukun)
isolates
Tasmanian
family-level groups
Western
Northern
Northeastern
Eastern
New Indigenous
languages and
Aboriginal Englishes
Creoles
Australian Kriol
Northeastern
creoles
Pidgins
Mixed languages
Others
Stub icon

This Australian Aboriginal languages-related article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

Categories: