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Kubachi language

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Northeast Caucasian language or dialect in Dagestan, Russia
Kubachi
Kubachin
гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай
Pronunciation
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionDagestan
Native speakers7,000 (2020)
Language familyNortheast Caucasian
Writing systemCyrillic script
Language codes
ISO 639-3ugh
Glottologkuba1248
  Kubachi

Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.

Phonology

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Kubachi
Front Back
plain phar. plain phar.
close short у u уӏ ü
long уу uu ууӏ üü
near-close short и i иӏ ï
long ии ii ииӏ ïï
open-mid short е e еӏ ë
long ee ee eeӏ ëë
open short а a аӏ ä
long aa aa aaӏ ää

Consonants

The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.

Consonant phonemes of Kubachi
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal м m н n
Plosive voiced б b д d г g гв gw гӏ ÿ ъ y
aspirated п p т t к k кв kw къ q къв qw
fortis пп pp тт tt кк kk ккв kkw ккъ qq ккъв qqw
ejective пӏ тӏ кӏ кӏв kʼw кь кьв qʼw
Affricate aspirated ц c ч ç хъ qx хъв qxw
fortis цц cc чч çç
ejective цӏ чӏ çʼ
Fricative voiced з z ж гъ ĝ гъв ĝw хӏ ħ гь h
plain с s ш ş хь ĵ хьв ĵw х x хв xw
fortis сс ss шш şş ххь ĵĵ ххьв ĵĵw хх xx ххв xxw
Trill р r
Approximant в v л l й j

The original Dargwic phoneme in Kubachi has become or disappeared, lengthening the neighboring vowel.

Alphabet

A page from the book "МаджмугI", the only Kubachi-language book to be published before the Russian Revolution, written in the Arabic script, published in 1913.
А а

/ɑ/

Б б

/b/

В в

/w/

Г г

/g/

Гъ гъ

/ʁ/

Гь гь

/ɦ/

Д д

/d/

Е е

/e/;/je/

Ё ё

/jɔ/

Ж ж

/ʒ/

З з

/z/

И и

/i/

Й й

/j/

К к

/k/

Кк кк

/kː/

Къ къ

/qʰ/

Кь кь

/qʼ/

Кӏ кӏ

/kʼ/

Л л

/l/

М м

/m/

Н н

/n/

О о

/n/

П п

/pʰ/

Пп пп

/pː/

Пӏ пӏ

/pʼ/

Р р

/r/

С с

/s/

Сс сс

/sː/

Т т

/t/

Тт тт

/tː/

Тӏ тӏ

/tʼ/

У у

/u/

Ф ф

/f/

Х х

/χ/

Хх хх

/χː/

Хъ хъ

/qʰ/

Хь хь

/x/

Хьхь хьхь

/xː/

Хӏ хӏ

/ʜ/;/ħ/

Ц ц

/ts/

Цц цц

/tsː/

Цӏ цӏ

/tsʼ/

Ч ч

/tʃ/

Чч чч

/tʃː/

Чӏ чӏ

/tʃʼ/

Ш ш

/ʃ/

Шш шш

/ʃː/

Ъ ъ

/ʔ/

Э э

/e/

Ю ю

/ju/

Я я

/ja/, /jə/

References

  1. ^ Коряков, Юрий (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация" [Dargwa languages and their classification]. In Майсак, Т. А.; Сумбатова, Н. Р.; Тестелец, Я. Г. (eds.). Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди Дурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова (in Russian). Буки Веди. pp. 139–154. ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.
  2. ^ Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  3. Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-136-14274-1.
  4. "Languages". DOBES. Retrieved 2024-10-12.

External links

North Caucasian languages
The proposed North Caucasian language family comprises the Northeast and Northwest Caucasian language families.
Northwest
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Dargic
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Italics indicate extinct languages
Languages of the Caucasus
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(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
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Kaitag–Shari
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Tsezic (Didoic)
Others
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(Pontic)
Indo-
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See also
Languages of Armenia
Languages of Azerbaijan
Languages of Georgia
Languages of Russia
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