Kubachi | |
---|---|
Kubachin | |
гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай | |
Pronunciation | |
Native to | North Caucasus |
Region | Dagestan |
Native speakers | 7,000 (2020) |
Language family | Northeast Caucasian |
Writing system | Cyrillic script |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ugh |
Glottolog | kuba1248 |
Kubachi |
Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.
Phonology
Vowels
Front | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | phar. | plain | phar. | ||
close | short | у u | уӏ ü | ||
long | уу uu | ууӏ üü | |||
near-close | short | и i | иӏ ï | ||
long | ии ii | ииӏ ïï | |||
open-mid | short | е e | еӏ ë | ||
long | ee ee | eeӏ ëë | |||
open | short | а a | аӏ ä | ||
long | aa aa | aaӏ ää |
Consonants
The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||||||
Nasal | м m | н n | |||||||||
Plosive | voiced | б b | д d | г g | гв gw | гӏ ÿ | ъ y | ||||
aspirated | п p | т t | к k | кв kw | къ q | къв qw | |||||
fortis | пп pp | тт tt | кк kk | ккв kkw | ккъ qq | ккъв qqw | |||||
ejective | пӏ pʼ | тӏ tʼ | кӏ kʼ | кӏв kʼw | кь qʼ | кьв qʼw | |||||
Affricate | aspirated | ц c | ч ç | хъ qx | хъв qxw | ||||||
fortis | цц cc | чч çç | |||||||||
ejective | цӏ cʼ | чӏ çʼ | |||||||||
Fricative | voiced | з z | ж ẑ | гъ ĝ | гъв ĝw | хӏ ħ | гь h | ||||
plain | с s | ш ş | хь ĵ | хьв ĵw | х x | хв xw | |||||
fortis | сс ss | шш şş | ххь ĵĵ | ххьв ĵĵw | хх xx | ххв xxw | |||||
Trill | р r | ||||||||||
Approximant | в v | л l | й j |
The original Dargwic phoneme in Kubachi has become or disappeared, lengthening the neighboring vowel.
Alphabet
А а
/ɑ/ |
Б б
/b/ |
В в
/w/ |
Г г
/g/ |
Гъ гъ
/ʁ/ |
Гь гь
/ɦ/ |
Д д
/d/ |
Е е
/e/;/je/ |
Ё ё
/jɔ/ |
Ж ж
/ʒ/ |
З з
/z/ |
И и
/i/ |
Й й
/j/ |
К к
/k/ |
Кк кк
/kː/ |
Къ къ
/qʰ/ |
Кь кь
/qʼ/ |
Кӏ кӏ
/kʼ/ |
Л л
/l/ |
М м
/m/ |
Н н
/n/ |
О о
/n/ |
П п
/pʰ/ |
Пп пп
/pː/ |
Пӏ пӏ
/pʼ/ |
Р р
/r/ |
С с
/s/ |
Сс сс
/sː/ |
Т т
/t/ |
Тт тт
/tː/ |
Тӏ тӏ
/tʼ/ |
У у
/u/ |
Ф ф
/f/ |
Х х
/χ/ |
Хх хх
/χː/ |
Хъ хъ
/qʰ/ |
Хь хь
/x/ |
Хьхь хьхь
/xː/ |
Хӏ хӏ
/ʜ/;/ħ/ |
Ц ц
/ts/ |
Цц цц
/tsː/ |
Цӏ цӏ
/tsʼ/ |
Ч ч
/tʃ/ |
Чч чч
/tʃː/ |
Чӏ чӏ
/tʃʼ/ |
Ш ш
/ʃ/ |
Шш шш
/ʃː/ |
Ъ ъ
/ʔ/ |
Э э
/e/ |
Ю ю
/ju/ |
Я я
/ja/, /jə/ |
References
- ^ Коряков, Юрий (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация" [Dargwa languages and their classification]. In Майсак, Т. А.; Сумбатова, Н. Р.; Тестелец, Я. Г. (eds.). Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди Дурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова (in Russian). Буки Веди. pp. 139–154. ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.
- ^ Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-136-14274-1.
- "Languages". DOBES. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
External links
North Caucasian languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The proposed North Caucasian language family comprises the Northeast and Northwest Caucasian language families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Northwest (Pontic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Northeast (Caspian) |
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
Languages of the Caucasus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Caucasian (areal) |
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Indo- European |
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Turkic |
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Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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