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Late Ottoman period

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Historical period (c. 1750-1918).

The Late Ottoman period (c. 1750 - 1918) is the archaeologically and historically defined periodisation of areas under the control of the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies, primarily in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus and the Balkans. Accordingly, the spatial extent of the area covered by the definition was dynamic, getting smaller as time went on. This period is also distinct for the sources recording its history.

As an analytical construct, it overlaps with the later stages of the Ottoman Empire, from about 1750 until its dissolution following the end of the First World War. This period was characterized with increased foreign, primarily European, intervention, outside invasions, the Tanzimat reforms, social modernization, economic globalization, improvements in communications and transportation infrastructure, and political change. 

According to Marom and Taxel, the separation, in academic discourses, of the Late Ottoman and post-Ottoman, Mandate periods, "represents an artificial break in the history of the countryside that overshadows the social, demographic, economic, cultural, and local-political continuities, attested in historical and archaeological evidence."

References

  1. Marom, Roy; Taxel, Itamar (2023). "Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqālan's hinterland, 1270–1750 CE". Journal of Historical Geography. 82: 49–65. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003. ISSN 0305-7488.
  2. Ahmad, Feroz (1996), "The Late Ottoman Empire", The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire, Routledge, pp. 15–40, doi:10.4324/9780203988367-8, ISBN 978-0-203-98836-7, retrieved 2024-05-11
  3. McCARTHY, Justin (1984). "The Defters of the Late Ottoman Period". Turkish Studies Association Bulletin. 8 (2): 5–15. ISSN 0275-6048. JSTOR 43385151.
  4. Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2010-03-08), A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire, Princeton University Press, doi:10.1515/9781400829682, ISBN 978-1-4008-2968-2, retrieved 2024-05-11
  5. Kushner, David (1986). Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period: Political, Social, and Economic Transformation. BRILL. ISBN 978-965-217-027-9.
  6. Yazbak, Mahmoud; Yazbak, Maḥmūd (1998). Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864-1914: A Muslim Town in Transition. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11051-9.
  7. Özdalga, Elisabeth (2013-03-07). Late Ottoman Society: The Intellectual Legacy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-29473-2.
  8. Marom, Roy; Taxel, Itamar (2024-10-10). "Hamama: The Palestinian Countryside in Bloom (1750–1948)". Journal of Islamic Archaeology. 11 (1): 88. doi:10.1558/jia.26586. ISSN 2051-9729.
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