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List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

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See also: List of automobile manufacturers of the United States

This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

Contents: 

A

B

C

  • C-A-C (1914–1915)
  • Cady Automobile Company (1899)
  • California (1900–1902, 1910)
  • Caloric (1903–1904)
  • Camelot Motors (1981)
  • Cameron (1903–1920)
  • Campbell (1918–1919)
  • Canda (1900–1902)
  • Cannon (1902–1906)
  • Cantono Electric (1904–1907)
  • Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
  • Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
  • Cardway (1923–1924)
  • Carhart (1871)
  • Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
  • Carlson (1904)
  • Carrol
  • Carroll (1908)
    Distinct from Carrol
  • Carroll Six (1921–1922)
  • Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
  • Cartercar (1905–1916)
  • Carthage (1914–1915)
  • Case (1911–1927)
    Based in Wisconsin
  • C.B (1917–1918)
  • Ceco (1914–1915)
    Based in Chicago
  • Centaur (1902–1903)
  • Central (1905–1906)
  • Century (1900–1903)
    'Tourist' model
  • Century Motor Company (1911–1915)
    Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915
  • Century Steamer (1906)
  • Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
  • Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960)
  • Chalfant (1905–1912)
  • Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914)
    Renamed to Chalmers in 1911
  • Champion (1916)
  • Chandler (1913–1929)
  • Chapman Electric (1899–1901)
  • Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
  • Chase (1907–1912)
  • Checker Motors Corporation (1922–1982)
  • Chelsea (1914)
  • Chicago (1902)
  • Chicago Electric (1899–1901)
  • Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
  • Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907)
    Apollo model
  • Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907)
  • Chief (1908)
  • Christie (1904–1910)
  • Christman (1901–1905, 1907)
  • Church-Field (1912–1913)
  • Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904)
    Lenawee model
  • Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904)
  • CinO (1910–1913)
  • Citicar (1974–1976)
  • Clark (1901)
  • Clark Electric (1903–1905)
  • Clark & Company (1903–1904)
    Clarkmobile model
  • Classic (1916–1917, 1920)
  • Cleburne
  • Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
  • Clermont
  • Cleveland (1902–1904)
    Built in Cleveland
  • Cleveland (1905–1909)
  • Cleveland (1914)
  • Cleveland (1919–1926)
  • Climber (1919–1924)
  • Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901)
  • Clipper (1956)
  • Clough Steamer (1869)
  • Cloughley (1896–1903)
  • Club Car (1910–1911)
  • Clyde Special
  • Clymer (1908)
    Based in Missouri
  • Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
  • Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
  • Coda (2009–2013)
  • Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913–1917)
  • Coggswell (1910–1911)
  • Colburn (1906–1911)
    Based in Denver
  • ColbyDenver (1911–1914)
  • Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925)
    Based in Indianapolis
  • Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922)
  • Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
  • Colt (1907)
    Based in New York
  • Columbia (1897–1913)
  • Columbian Electric
  • Columbia Motors (1916–1924)
  • Columbian Electric (1914–1917)
    Distinct from 'Columbia Electric'
  • Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908)
  • Columbus Electric (1903–1915)
    Based in Ohio
  • Comet (1917–1922)
    Based in Illinois
  • Comet (1946–1951)
  • Commerce (1907–1908)
  • Commercial Motor Truck Company
    Based in Ohio
  • Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922)
  • Commonwealth (1917–1922)
  • Commuter Cars (1998)
  • Comuta-Car (1979–1982)
  • Conrad (1900–1903)
  • Continental (1907–1908)
  • Continental (1914)
    Based in Minneapolis and Chicago
  • Continental (1933–1934)
  • Continental (1956–1957)
  • Corbin (1904–1912)
  • Corbin (1999–2003)
  • Corbitt (1907–1914)
  • Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
  • Corinthian (1922–1923)
  • Cornelian (1914–1915)
  • Cornish-Friedberg
  • Correja (1909–1914)
  • Corwin (1905–1906)
    Gas-au-lec model
  • Cosmopolitan (1907–1910)
    Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan
  • Cotta Steam (1901–1903)
  • Country Club (1903–1904)
  • Courier (1904–1905)
  • Courier (1909–1911)
  • Courier Car Co (1912)
    'Clermont' model
  • Covert (1902–1907)
  • Coyote Special (1909–1910)
  • C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.
  • Craig-Toledo (1907)
  • Crane (1912–1920)
    Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915
  • Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
  • Crawford (1904–1923)
  • Crescent (1913–1914)
  • Crestmobile (1901–1905)
  • Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
  • Criterion
  • Crompton (1902–1905)
  • Crosley (1939–1952)
  • Crouch (1894–1900)
  • Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923)
  • Crowdus Electric (1899–1902)
  • Crown (1905–1907)
  • Crowther (1915–1917)
    Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917
  • Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914)
    Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911
  • Cruiser (1917–1919)
  • Culver (1905)
  • Cunningham (1907–1936)
  • Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955)
  • Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913)
    Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
  • C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908)

D

E

F

  • Fageol (1900, 1917)
  • Fal-Car (1909–1914)
    Also known as F.A.L.
  • Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909)
    Unrelated to Ford Falcon
  • Falcon-Knight (1927–1929)
  • Famous (1908–1909)
  • Fanning (1901–1903)
  • Farmack (1915–1916)
  • Farner (1922–1923)
  • Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
  • Federal (1907–1909)
  • Federal Steam (1901–1902)
  • Fenton (1913–1914)
    Unrelated to Fenton Headers
  • Ferris (1920–1922)
  • Fey Touring (1897–1906)
  • Fiberfab (1964–1983)
  • Fidelia (1913–1914)
  • Field (1886, 1905)
  • Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
  • Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915)
  • Fischer-Detroit (1914)
  • Fisher (1901–1905)
  • Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
  • Flagler (1914)
    Based in Michigan
  • Flanders 20 (1910–1912)
  • Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914)
  • Flanders (1913)
    'Flanders Six' model
  • Flexbi (1904)
  • Flint (1923–1927)
  • Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
  • Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston.
  • Forest City (1905)
    Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname.
  • Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.
  • Forth (1905)
    New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built.
  • Forth (1910–1911)
    Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911.
  • Fort Pitt (1908–1910, 1911)
    Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six
  • Foster (1889,1901–1904)
  • Fostoria (1906–1907)
  • Fournier-Searchmont
  • Fox (1921–1923)
  • Franklin (1902–1934)
  • Frayer-Miller (1904–1910)
  • Frazer (1946–1951)
  • Frederickson (1914)
  • Fredonia (1902–1904)
  • Fremont (1920–1922)
  • Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903)
  • Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
  • Fritchle Electric (1905–1920)
  • Frontenac (1906–1913)
  • Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925)
  • Frontmobile (1917–1918)
  • F.R.P. (1914–1916)
  • F.S. (1911–1912)
  • Fuller (1908–1910)
  • F.W.D. (1910–1912)
    Based in Wisconsin

G

H

I

  • Illinois Electric (1897–1901)
  • Imp (1913–1914)
  • Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
  • Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916)
  • Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
  • Imperial Electric (1903–1904)
  • Independent Harvester (1910–1911)
  • Indiana (1901)
  • Indianapolis (see Black)
  • International (1899) (see Strathmore)
  • International (1899)
  • International (1900)
  • International Cyclecar Company (1914)
    'Economy' model
  • International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962–1964)
  • International Power Company (1900)
  • International (1901–1903)
  • International Cyclecar Company (1914)
  • International Harvester (1907–1980)
  • Inter-State (1909–1919)
  • Iroquois (1903–1907)

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

  • Tarkington (1922–1923)
  • Taunton (1901–1903)
    Steam cars
  • Templar (1917–1924)
  • Templeton-Dubrie (1910)
  • Terraplane (1932–1939)
  • Terwilliger (1904)
    Empire Steamer model
  • Texan (1920–1922)
  • Thomas (1902–1919)
  • Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908)
  • Thompson (1901–1907)
    Steam cars
  • Thresher Electric (1900)
  • Tiffany Electric (1913–1914)
  • Tiger (1914–1915)
  • Tincher (1903–1909)
  • Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)
  • Tinkham (1898–1899)
  • Toledo (1901–1903)
  • Tonawanda
  • Torbensen (1902–1906)
  • Touraine (1912–1916)
  • Tourist (1902–1910)
  • Tractmobile (1900–1902)
  • Trask-Detroit (1922–1923)
  • Traveler (1907–1908)
  • Trebert (1907–1908)
  • Trimoto (1900–1901)
    Also known as Tri-Motor
  • Trinity Steamer
  • Triumph (1907–1912)
  • Trumbull (1914–1915)
  • Tucker (1946–1949)
  • Tulsa (1918–1922)
  • Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
  • Twin City (1914)
  • Twombly (1913–1915)
  • Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907)

U

V

  • Van (1911–1912)
  • Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
  • Vaughn (1909)
  • V.E. (1901–1906)
    Also known as V.E.C. Electric
  • Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
  • Velie (1908–1929)
  • Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921)
  • Victor (1905–1911)
  • Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924)
  • Victor Steamer (1899–1903)
    Previously Overman Steam (1895–1898)
  • Victormobile (1900–1901)
    'Steamer' model
  • Victory (1920–1921)
  • Viking (1907–1908)
  • Viking (1929–1931)
  • Virginian (1911–1912)
  • Vixen (1914–1916)
  • Vulcan (1913–1915)

W

X

Y

Z

  • Zehr (1912–1915)
  • Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)
  • Zentmobile (1903)
  • Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
  • Zimmerman (1908–1915)
  • Zip (1913–1914)
Contents: 

See also

Notes

  1. Kimes and Clark, p. 11
  2. ^ Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
  3. ^ Clymer, p. 210.
  4. Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18
  5. ^ Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
  6. "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  7. "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  9. Kimes, p. 29
  10. ^ Clymer, p. 205.
  11. "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  12. ^ Clymer, p. 170.
  13. "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  14. Clymer, p. 31.
  15. "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  16. ^ Kimes, p. 47
  17. Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19
  18. ^ Clymer, pp. 170-171.
  19. Kimes, p. 50
  20. Kimes, p. 57
  21. Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
  22. ^ Kimes, p. 74
  23. Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
  24. Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
  25. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
  26. Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
  27. Clymer, p. 193.
  28. Clymer, p. 115.
  29. Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
  30. ^ Clymer, p. 23.
  31. ^ Clymer, p. 206.
  32. Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
  33. ^ Clymer, p. 178.
  34. ^ Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  35. Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
  36. Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
  37. ^ Clymer, p. 153.
  38. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252
  39. Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
  40. Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
  41. Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
  42. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331
  43. Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
  44. Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
  45. Clymer, p. 87.
  46. Clymer, p. 104.
  47. ^ Clymer, p. 63.
  48. Clymer, p. 145.
  49. Clymer, p. 67.
  50. "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  51. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357
  52. Clymer, p. 158.
  53. ^ Clymer, p. 209.
  54. Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
  55. Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
  56. Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
  57. Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
  58. Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
  59. ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
  60. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403
  61. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404
  62. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405
  63. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405
  64. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406
  65. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406
  66. Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
  67. Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
  68. Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
  69. Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
  70. Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
  71. Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
  72. Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
  73. ^ Clymer, p. 5.
  74. Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
  75. Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
  76. Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
  77. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
  78. Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
  79. Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
  80. Clymer, p. 38.
  81. Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
  82. Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
  83. ^ Clymer, p. 207.
  84. ^ Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
  85. Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
  86. Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
  87. Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  88. Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
  89. "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  90. Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
  91. Clymer, p. 166.
  92. Clymer, p. 40.
  93. ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
  94. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  95. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  96. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
  97. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289
  98. Clymer, p. 16.
  99. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593
  100. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  101. Clymer, p. 51.
  102. Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
  103. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
  104. Made by the multinational as experimental models.
  105. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
  106. Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
  107. Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
  108. Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
  109. Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
  110. Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
  111. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447
  112. Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
  113. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  114. Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
  115. Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
  116. Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
  117. Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
  118. "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  119. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761
  120. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
  121. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524
  122. Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
  123. Clymer, p. 112.
  124. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
  125. Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
  126. Distinct from the Australian company.
  127. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
  128. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
  129. ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
  130. Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
  131. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742
  132. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
  133. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.
  134. Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  135. Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
  136. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
  137. ^ Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
  138. Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  139. ^ Clymer, p. 208.
  140. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  141. Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
  142. Clymer, p. 131.
  143. Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
  144. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  145. Flory, pp. 1011–12.
  146. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774
  147. Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
  148. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782
  149. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
  150. ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  151. Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
  152. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
  153. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
  154. ^ Horseless Age 1895.
  155. Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
  156. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828
  157. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635
  158. Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
  159. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860
  160. ^ Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004
  161. began with steam autos
  162. ^ Clymer, p. 22.
  163. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
  164. Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
  165. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
  166. Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
  167. Clymer, p. 84.
  168. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
  169. Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
  170. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
  171. Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
  172. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929
  173. Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
  174. Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
  175. Clymer, p. 57.
  176. Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
  177. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
  178. Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
  179. Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
  180. Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
  181. Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
  182. Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
  183. Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
  184. Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
  185. ^ Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003
  186. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
  187. Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005
  188. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
  189. Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
  190. Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
  191. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
  192. Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
  193. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
  194. Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
  195. Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
  196. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
  197. Clymer, p. 42.
  198. ^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
  199. Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
  200. Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  201. Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
  202. Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
  203. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
  204. Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
  205. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
  206. Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
  207. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
  208. Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
  209. Clymer, p. 149.
  210. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
  211. Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
  212. Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
  213. Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
  214. "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  215. Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
  216. Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
  217. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
  218. Rolls-Royce
  219. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273
  220. Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
  221. Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
  222. Clymer, p. 8.
  223. Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
  224. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
  225. Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
  226. Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
  227. "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  228. Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  229. The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  230. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
  231. Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
  232. Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
  233. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
  234. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
  235. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512
  236. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351
  237. Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
  238. Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
  239. Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
  240. Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
  241. Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
  242. Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
  243. Clymer, p. 52.
  244. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
  245. Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
  246. Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
  247. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419
  248. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424
  249. Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45
  250. Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472
  251. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
  252. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
  253. "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  254. Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
  255. Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
  256. Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
  257. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
  258. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
  259. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491
  260. Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519
  261. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521

Sources

  • Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775. Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-525-05300-X
  • Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770–1970, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-304-93707-X: ISBN 978-0-304-93707-3
  • Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
  • Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook, Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ISBN 1-258-42699-4; ISBN 978-1-258-42699-6
  • Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-293-1
  • Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ISBN 0-85263-774-8; ISBN 978-0-85263-774-6
  • Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN 9994065904; ISBN 978-9994065905
  • Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1975). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-111-0.
  • Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1985). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
  • Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1996). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
  • Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000. ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
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