The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa. This list does not include the land or freshwater molluscs.
This is a sub-list of the list of marine gastropods of South Africa, which is in turn a sub-list of the list of marine molluscs of South Africa.
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs.
Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises three informal groups: the lower heterobranchs, the opisthobranchs, and the pulmonates. (Full article...)
Heterobranchia
- Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)
Siphonariidae - False limpets
- Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)
- Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958
- Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)
- Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)
- Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)
- Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)
- Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)
- Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915
- Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925
- Acteon flammeus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Acteon pudicus (A. Adams, 1854)
- Rictaxis albis (Sowerby, 1873)
- Japonacteon sp.
- Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1854)
- Pupa niecaensis (Barnard, 1963)
- Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Pupa suturalis (A. Adams, 1854)
- Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)
- Bullina scabra Gmelin, 1791
- Bullina oblonga Sowerby, 1897
- Polka-dot bubble shell Micromelo undata (Brughiere, 1792) (Transkei to Mozambique)
- Striped bubble shell Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)
- Hydatina amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Hydatina velum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Hydatina albocincta (van der Hoeven, 1811)
- Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
- Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)
- Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)
- Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)
- Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)
- Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)
- Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915
- Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920
- Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925
- Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903
- Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890
- Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859
- Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)
- Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925
- Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963
- Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925
- Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925
- Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792
- Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)
- Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)
- Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)
- Sand slug Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)
- Philine berghi Smith, 1910
- Gastropteron flavobrunneum Gosliner, 1984
- Gastropteron alboaurantium Gosliner, 1984
- Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)
- Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)
- Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)
- Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938
- Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
- Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)
- Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)
- Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)
- Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)
- Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864
- Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)
- Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)
- Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)
- Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)
- Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774) (cf.)
- Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)
- Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)
- Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)
- Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)
- Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)
- Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)
- Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)
- Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)
- Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850
- Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)
- Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767
- Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)
- Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)
- Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)
- Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)
- Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)
- Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)
- Peraclis moluccensis (Tesch, 1903)
- Peraclis reticulata (Orbigny, 1836)
- Cymbulia sibogae Tesch, 1903
- Gleba cordata Niebuhr, 1776
- Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889
Gymnosomata
- Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) (Pelagic northern and southern hemispheres) (southern hemisphere may be a distinct species, Clione antarctica)
- Spongiobranchaea australis (d'Orbigny, 1836) (Pelagic, southern hemisphere)
Anaspidea
- Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)
- Dwarf sea hare Aplysia parvula Morch, 1863
- Spotted sea hare Aplysia oculifera Adams and Reeve, 1850 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828
- Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828
- Variable sea hare Aplysia juliana Quoy and Gaimard, 1832
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi leachi (Blainville. 1817) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi africana (Engel, 1927)
- Wedge sea hare Dolabella auricularia (Solander, 1786) (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)
- Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)
- Paraplysia lowii Gilchrist, 1900
- Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy and Gaimard 1824)
Sacoglossa
- Lobiger souverbiei Fischer, 1856
- Lophopleurella capensis (Thiele, 1912)
- Oxynoe viridis (Pease, 1861)
- Oxynoe sp.
- Berthelinia schlumbergeri Dautzenberg, 1895
- Julia zebra Kawaguti, 1981
- Ascobulla fischeri (Adams & Angas, 1864)
- Volvatella laguncula Sowerby, 1894
- Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954
- Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)
- Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)
- Elysia livida Baba, 1955
- Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)
- Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928
- Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp. This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.
- Elysia spp. (7)
- Dendritic nudibranch Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)
- Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Mourgona sp.
- Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858) - cited as Phyllobranchillus orientalis
- Table Bay nudibranch Aplysiopsis sinusmensalis (Macnae, 1954)
Notaspidea
- Tylodina alfredensis Turton, 1932
- Umbrella pleurobranch Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1783) (transkei to Mozambique)
- Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803)
- Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957
- Berthella sp.
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina citrina (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Cape Point to Mozambique)
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) (This may replace previous entry B. citrina)
- Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)
- Pleurobranchaea algoensis Thiele, 1925
- Pleurobranchaea brockii Bergh, 1897
- Pleurobranchaea melanopus Bergh, 1907
- Pleurobranchaea pleurobrancheana (Bergh, 1907)
- Dwarf warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea tarda Verrill, 1880
- Warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea bubala Marcus and Gosliner, 1984 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)
- Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925
- Mosaic pleurobranch Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905)
- Pleurobranchus disceptus O'Donoghue, 1929
- Pleurobranchus inhacae Macnae, 1962
- Pleurobranchus moebii Vayssiere, 1898
- Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)
- Pleurobranchus papillosa (O'Donoghue, 1929)
- Pleurobranchus peroni Cuvier, 1804
- Pleurobranchus perrieri Vayssiere, 1896
- Pleurobranchus sculptata (O'Donoghue, 1929)
- Pleurobranchus xhosa Macnae, 1962
Nudibranchia - Nudibranchs
- Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963
- Aldisa benguelae Gosliner, 1985
- Three-spot nudibranch Aldisa trimaculata Gosliner, 1985
- ?Alloiodoris inhacae O'Donoghue, 1929
- Archidoris capensis Bergh, 1907
- Archidoris scripta Bergh, 1907
- Rugby ball dorid or Spined dorid Atagema rugosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951
- Atagema gibba Pruvot-Fol, 1951
- Warty dorid Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 Orange river to Eastern Cape
- Doris granosa (Bergh, 1907)
- Doris spp. (2)
- Doriopsis pecten (Collingwood, 1881)
- ? Ocellate dorid Gargamella sp.1
- ?Gargamella sp.2
- Velvet dorid Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)
- Dotted nudibranch Jorunna zania (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)Marcus 1976
The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner:
- Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848
- Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907
- Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907
- Doris glabella Bergh, 1907
- Saddled nudibranch Cadlina sp.1
- Brown-dotted nudibranch Cadlina sp.2
- Cadlina sp.3
- Cadlina sp.4
- Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928)
- Ceratosoma cornigerum (Adams and Reeve, 1850)
- Inkspot nudibranch or Lipstick nudibranch Ceratosoma ingozi Gosliner, 1996
- Ceratosoma tenue Abraham, 1876
- Chromodoris africana Eliot 1904
- Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907
- Chromodoris alderi Collingwood, 1881
- Polka-dot chromodorid Chromodoris annulata Eliot 1904 (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982
- Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984
- Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907
- Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858
- Chromodoris geminus Rudman, 1987
- Chromodoris cf. geminus
- Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928
- Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977
- Red-spotted nudibranch or Heather's nudibranch Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994
- Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905
- Chromodoris marginata Pease, 1860
- Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1888
- Chromodoris tinctoria (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)
- Gaudy chromodorid Chromodoris vicina Eliot, 1904 (Central to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Chromodoris spp. (7)
- Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832)
- Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier 1804)
- Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888)
- Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1830)
- Glossodoris symmetricus Rudman, 1990
- Glossodoris undaurum Rudman, 1985
- Glossodoris spp. (4)
- Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881)
- Cape dorid Hypselodoris capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Columbine to Transkei)
- Hypselodoris carnea (Bergh, 1889)
- Hypselodoris fucata Gosliner & Johnson, 1999
- Mottled dorid Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)
- Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)
- Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977
- Hypselodoris rudmani Gosliner and Johnson, 1999
- Hypselodoris spp. (3)
- Hypselodoris sp.
- Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)
- Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949
- Protea nudibranch Noumea protea Gosliner, 1994
- Risbecia pulchella (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)
- Thorunna horologia Rudman, 1984
- Discodoris coerulescens Bergh, 1888
- Discodoris fragilis (Alder and Hancock, 1864)
- Small-spot dorid Discodoris sp.1
- Discodoris sp.2
- Blotchy dorid Geitodoris capensis Bergh, 1907
- Anisodoris sp. (2)
- Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910
- Thordisa punctifera Bergh, 1907
- Thordisa spp. (2)
- ? Variable dorid Aphelodoris brunnea Bergh, 1907(needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ? Chocolate-chip nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 1
- ? Brown-spotted nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 2
- ? Spiky nudibranch Aphelodoris sp.3
- ?Sclerodoris apiculata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)(needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ?Sclerodoris coriacea (Eliot, 1904)(see above)
- ?Sclerodoris sp.(see above)
- ?Artachaea sp,(see above)
- Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1928
- Halgerda dichromis Fahey and Gosliner, 1999
- Halgerda tessellata Bergh, 1880
- Halgerda toliara Fahey and Gosliner, 1999
- Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904
- Halgerda formosa Bergh, 1880
- Halgerda punctata Farran, 1902
- Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877)
- Red sponge nudibranch or Orange dorid Rostanga elandsia Garovoy, Valdes & Gosliner, 2001
- Rostanga phepha Garovoy, Valdés & Gosliner, 2001
- Ceratophyllidia africana Eliot, 1903
- Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804
- Ridged nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 (Central KwaZulu_Natal to Mozambique)(P. coelestis? (Bergh 1905))
- Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859)
- Phyllidia sp.
- Blue-speckled nudibranch Dendrodoris caesia (Bergh, 1907)
- Dendrodoris callosa (Bergh, 1907)
- Tan dorid Dendrodoris capensis (Bergh, 1907)
- Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas, 1864)
- Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855)
- Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858)
- Dendrodoris spp. (3)
- Scribbled nudibranch Doriopsilla miniata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)
- White-spotted nudibranch Doriopsilla capensis Bergh, 1907
- Doriopsilla spp. (2)
- Mandela's nudibranch Mandelia mirocornata Valdes & Gosliner, 1999
- Crazed nudibranch Corambe sp.
- Giraffe spot nudibranch Ancula sp.
- Tugboat nudibranch Goniodoris mercurialis Macnae, 1958
- Goniodoris castanea Alder and Hancock, 1845
- Goniodoris ovata Barnard, 1934
- Goniodoris sp.
- Fiery nudibranch Okenia amoenula (Bergh, 1907)
- Okenia sp.
- White lined nudibranch Trapania sp.1
- Trapania sp.(2)
- Crimora sp.
- Kalinga ornata Alder and Hancock, 1864
- Tasseled nudibranch Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835)
- Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia clavigera (Muller, 1776) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)
- Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933
- Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924
- Plocamopherus apheles (Barnard, 1927)
- Plocamopherus maculatus (Pease, 1860)
- Plocamopherus sp.
- Crowned nudibranch Polycera capensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)
- Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964
- Four lined nudibranch Polycera quadrilineata (Muller, 1776)
- Polycera sp. (not same as Twin crowned or Orange lined crowned)
- Twin-crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.1
- Orange lined crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.2
- Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877)
- Roboastra luteolineata (Baba, 1936)
- Black nudibranch Tambja capensis (Bergh, 1907) (Cape Point to Tsitsikamma)
- Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877)
- Tambja sp.
- Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883)
- Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1804)
- Thecacera sp.
- Knobbly nudibranch Aegires ninguis Fahey & Gosliner, 2004
- Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877)
- Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858)
- Gymnodoris inornata (Bergh, 1880)
- Gymnodoris okinawae Baba, 1936
- Gymnodoris spp. (2)
- Ghost nudibranch Lecithophorus capensis Macnae, 1958
- Lecithophorus sp.
- Spanish dancer Hexabranchus sanguineus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (KwaZulu-Natal south coast to Mozambique)
- Okadaia elegans Baba 1931
- Frilled nudibranch or Smits nudibranch Leminda millecra Griffiths, 1985
- Crowned doto Doto africoronata Shipman & Gosliner, 2015
- Feathered doto Doto pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804)
- Doto rosea Trinchese, 1881
- Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928
- Gas flame nudibranch Bonisa nakaza Gosliner, 1981 (Cape Peninsula to Eastern Cape)
- Cape silvertip nudibranch or Silvertip nudibranch Janolus capensis Bergh, 1907 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)
- Medallion silvertip nudibranch Janolus longidentatus Gosliner, 1981
- Nippled nudibranch Janolus sp.
- Armina berghi Thiele, 1925
- Armina capensis (Bergh, 1907)
- Armina euchroa (Bergh, 1907)
- Gilchrists sand slug Armina gilchristi (Bergh, 1907)
- Armina grisea O'Donoghue, 1927
- Armina microdonta (Bergh, 1907)
- Armina natalensis (Bergh, 1866)
- Armina serrata O'Donoghue, 1929
- Armina simoniana Thiele, 1925
- Striped sand slug or Pierre's armina Armina sp.
- White-ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 1 (Gosliner)
- Dermatobranchus sp. 2
- Dermatobranchus sp. 3
- Brown ridged nudibranch or narrow ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 4 (Gosliner)
- Whip fan nudibranch Tritonia nilsodhneri Marcus, 1983
- Tritonia aurantiacum Barnard, 1927
- Tritonia pallida Stimpson, 1854
- Tritonia indecora Bergh, 1907
- Soft coral nudibranch Tritonia sp. 1 (Gosliner)
- Brush nudibranch Tritonia sp. 2 (Gosliner)
- Tritoniadoxa capensis Bergh, 1907
- ?Marionia spp. (2) (is Marionia valid and in Tritoniidae?)
- Marionia cyanobranchiata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831) (species inquirenda)
- Marianina rosea Pruvot-Fol, 1930
- Bornella adamsii Gray, 1850
- Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1983
- Iridescent nudibranch Notobryon wardi Ohdner, 1936 (Namaqualand to Tsitsikamma)
- Scyllaea pelagica Linnaeus, 1758
- Dinosaur nudibranch Melibe liltvedi Gosliner, 1987
- Cowled nudibranch Melibe rosea Rang, 1829 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)
- Melibe pilosa Pease, 1860
- Melibe sp.
- Purple lady Flabellina funeka Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981
- White-edged nudibranch or Chalk stripe nudibranch Flabellina capensis (Thiele, 1025)
- Flabellina spp. (3)
- Coryphellina sp.
- Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831)
- Eubranchus sp.1
- Eubranchus sp.2
- Eubranchus sp.3
- Fireworks nudibranch Eubranchus sp.4
- Candelabra nudibranch Eubranchus sp.5 (Zsilavecz)
- Candy nudibranch Cuthona speciosa (Macnae, 1954)
- Cuthona ornata Baba, 1937
- Cuthona kanga (Edmunds, 1970)
- Cuthona anulata (Baba, 1949)
- Cuthona spp. (5)
- Yellow candy nudibranch Cuthona sp.6
- Cuthona sp.
- Tergipes tergipes Forskal, 1779
- Catriona casha Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981
- Catriona columbiana O'Donoghue, 1922
- Catriona sp.
- Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874
- Indian nudibranch Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)
- Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928
- Berghia chaka Gosliner, 1985
- Baeolidia palythoae Gosliner, 1985
- Night sky nudibranch Amanda armata Macnae, 1954
- Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)
- Black-dot nudibranch Caloria sp. 1
- Yellow-tipped nudibranch Caloria sp. 2
- Caloria sp. 3
- Orange eyed nudibranch or White tipped nudibranch Cratena capensis Barnard, 1927 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)
- Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970
- Elegant nudibranch Cratena sp.1
- Cratena spp. (+3)
- Echinopsole fulvus Macnae, 1954
- Olive nudibranch Facelina olivacea Macnae, 1954
- Facellina annulata Macnae, 1954
- Facellina sp.
- Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949
- Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968
- Moridilla brockii (Bergh, 1888)
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium serratum (Baba, 1949) (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) (this may replace previous entry P. serratum)
- Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831
- Phyllodesmium sp.
- Pruvotfolia pselliotes (Labbe, 1923)
- Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864)
- Four-colour nudibranch Godiva quadricolor (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)
- Sea swallow Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)
Family ?
- Platydoris scabra (Cuvier 1806)
- Platydoris cruenta (Quoy and Gaimard 1932)
- Platydoris sp.
- Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.
Pulmonata
- Airbreathing sea slug Onchidella capensis (Orange river to Cape Point)
- Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal)
References
- ^ Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
- Kilburn R. N. (1996). Siphonaria compressa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ Gosliner, Terrence. Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa Sea Challengers, Monterey, 1987. ISBN 0-930118-13-8
- ^ Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
- ^ Zsilavecz, Guido. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. SURG, Cape Town, 2007. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
- Hunt, B.; Strugnell, J.; Bednarsek, N.; Linse, K.; Nelson, R. J.; Pakhomov, E.; Seibel, B.; Steinke, D.; Würzberg, L. (2010). "Poles Apart: The "Bipolar" Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans"". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9835. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9835H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009835. PMC 2847597. PMID 20360985.
- Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989) Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
- www.itis.gov https://www.itis.gov. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
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(help) - ^ King, Dennis. Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs: East and south coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 2002
- Barnard, K.H. (1927). "South African nudibranch Mollusca, with descriptions of new species, and a note on some specimens from Tristan d'Acunha". Annals of the South African Museum. 25: 171–215 pls. 119–120.
- Shipman, C.; Gosliner, T. (2015). "Molecular and morphological systematics of Doto Oken, 1851 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia), with descriptions of five new species and a new genus". Zootaxa. 3973 (1): 57–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.2. PMID 26249713.
Further reading
- Bergh, R. (1907). "The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 17 (1): 1–144. doi:10.1080/21560382.1907.9526085. S2CID 84598844.