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The government of Indonesia defines a metropolitan area as an urban agglomeration where its spatial planning is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. The metropolitan areas in Indonesia are managed based on Presidential Regulation (Peraturan Presiden). The national government has established 10 metropolitan areas across the country, anchored by the cities of Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Medan, Makassar, Palembang, Denpasar, Banjarmasin, and Manado. Despite having no official metropolitan areas recognised on national level, there are several other cities whose urbanised area exceeds their city limits such as Yogyakarta, Malang, and Cirebon.
Official metropolitan areas
MedanPalembangJakartaBandungSemarangSurabayaDenpasarBanjarmasinMakassarManado
| Metropolitan area | Image | Official acronym | Regencies and cities | Area (km) |
Estimated population |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jakarta metropolitan area | 
|
Jabodetabekpunjur |
|
7,062.47 | 33,430,285 | |
| Surabaya metropolitan area | 
|
Gerbangkertosusila |
|
5,925.84 | 9,570,870 | |
| Bandung metropolitan area | 
|
Bandung Basin |
|
3,411.35 | 8,357,393 | |
| Semarang metropolitan area | 
|
Kedungsepur |
|
4,298.43 | 5,689,149 | |
| Medan metropolitan area | 
|
Mebidangro |
|
3,189.25 | 4,848,885 | |
| Makassar metropolitan area | 
|
Mamminasata |
|
2,667 | 2,621,168 | |
| Palembang metropolitan area | 
|
Patungraya Agung |
|
7,585.96 | 2,570,981 | |
| Denpasar metropolitan area | .jpg)
|
Sarbagita |
|
732.67 | 2,388,680 | |
| Banjarmasin metropolitan area | 
|
Banjarbakula |
|
8,136.36 | 1,939,347 | |
| Manado metropolitan area | 
|
Bimindo |
|
1,379.26 | 830,137 |
Built-up urban areas
The followings are the contiguous urban areas in Indonesia, with a population of over 500,000, according to Demographia's "World Urban Areas" study (19th Annual - 2023). Demographia defines an urban area (urbanised area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area), without regard for administrative boundaries (city).
| Rank | Urban area | Built-up Area (km) |
Estimated population 2022 |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jakarta | 3,546 | 34,386,000 | Jakarta's built-up urban area extends beyond its official metropolitan area, including Karawang. |
| 2 | Bandung | 487 | 7,203,000 | Bandung metropolitan area has more dense urban population than Surabaya metropolitan area. |
| 3 | Surabaya | 912 | 6,556,000 | Surabaya metropolitan area has a larger population than Bandung metropolitan area, but comprises more rural areas than the later. |
| 4 | Medan | 479 | 4,027,000 | Medan is the largest urban area outside of Java island. The urban area is known as Mebidangro. |
| 5 | Semarang | 259 | 2,319,000 | Although Semarang metropolitan area is nominally the fourth most populous in Indonesia, it actually comprises a significant portion of rural areas. Semarang's urban population is much smaller than Medan. |
| 6 | Palembang | 220 | 2,069,000 | Palembang is the third largest urban area outside of Java island, after Medan and Makassar. The urban area is known as Patungraya Agung. |
| 7 | Makassar | 179 | 1,936,000 | Makassar is the largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra. The urban area is known as Mamminasata. |
| 8 | Malang | 212 | 1,620,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Malang urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 145 km. The urban area is known as Greater Malang. |
| 9 | Yogyakarta | 231 | 1,576,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Yogyakarta has the ninth largest urban population in Indonesia, extending far beyond its small city proper area of 32.5 km. Nevertheless, the urban area, known as Yogyakarta metropolitan area, is managed through Sekretariat Bersama Kartamantul with patronage of the provincial government. |
| 10 | Batam | 243 | 1,403,000 | As an island-city, Batam has not developed a metropolitan area with its surrounding regions, hence its urban population is entirely within its administrative area. A free-trade zone, known as Batam metropolitan area, is established around Batam. |
| 11 | Denpasar | 176 | 1,326,000 | Denpasar is the second largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra, after Makassar. The urban area is known as Sarbagita. |
| 12 | Cirebon | 106 | 1,146,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, Cirebon's urban population extends beyond its administrative area of 37.4 km. The urban area is planned by provincial government as Rebana. |
| 13 | Surakarta | 207 | 1,097,000 | Although it has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, Surakarta's urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 46 km. The urban area is known as Greater Solo. |
| 14 | Pekanbaru | 238 | 1,085,000 | Pekanbaru has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, and its urban population is pretty much concentrated in its city proper. The urban area is known as Pekanbaru metropolitan area which is managed through the provincial government. |
| 15 | Samarinda | 101 | 1,033,000 | Samarinda has no metropolitan area recognised at the national level, and its urban population is pretty much concentrated in its city proper. The urban area is known as Samarinda metropolitan area which is managed through the provincial government. |
| 16 | Tasikmalaya | 62 | 984,000 | |
| 17 | Bandar Lampung | 106 | 960,000 | |
| 18 | Jambi | 181 | 950,000 | |
| 19 | Padang | 98 | 909,000 | |
| 20 | Banjarmasin | 65 | 792,000 | |
| 21 | Serang | 114 | 783,000 | |
| 22 | Balikpapan | 122 | 684,000 | |
| 23 | Cilegon | 122 | 542,000 |
See also
References
- "Bulletin Electronik". Archived from the original on 2 October 2017.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
- ^ "Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition" (PDF). April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ "Indonesia: Administrative Division (Provinces, Regencies and Cities) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
External links
| Metropolitan areas in Indonesia | |
|---|---|
| Sumatra | |
| Java | |
| Kalimantan | |
| Lesser Sunda Islands | |
| Sulawesi | |