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M2-42

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Planetary nebula
Minkowski 2-42 (M2-42)
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension18 22 32.08
Declination−24° 09′ 27.7″
Distance30,800 (9444 pc) ly
Apparent magnitude (V)13.9
Apparent dimensions (V)4″
Notable featuresBipolar outflow, Bipolar nebula
DesignationsPN M 2-42

PNG 008.2-04.8
PK 008-04 2
Hen 2-393
ESO 522-21
PN Sa 2-331

WRAY 16-409
See also: Lists of nebulae

Minkowski 2-42, abbreviated M2-42, is a planetary nebula that was discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1947. It is located about 30,800 light-years away from Earth in the Galactic bulge. It is known to be a bipolar planetary nebula containing two jets of material emerging from both sides of its central star. It has been found that its bipolar outflows have the typical features of Fast Low-Ionization Emission Region (FLIER).

The central star of M2-42 is classified as weak emission-line star, but its nitrogen and helium features may be linked to nitrogen sequences of Wolf-Rayet central stars of planetary nebula (). The chemical composition of this planetary nebula was found to be around the solar metallicity.

Image of M2-42 taken by the VLT Survey Telescope. The green part of the image was taken with a H-alpha filter.

See also

References

  1. ^ "PN M2-42". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  2. Minkowski, R. (1947). "New Emission Nebulae (II)". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 59 (350): 257. Bibcode:1947PASP...59..257M. doi:10.1086/125962. S2CID 250797181.
  3. ^ Danehkar, A.; Parker, Q. A.; Steffen, W. (2016). "Fast, low-ionization emission regions of the planetary nebula M2-42". The Astrophysical Journal. 151 (2): 38. arXiv:1601.01702. Bibcode:2016AJ....151...38D. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/38. S2CID 53006455.
  4. Tylenda, R.; Acker, A.; Stenholm, B. (1993). "Wolf-Rayet nuclei of planetary nebulae. Observations and classification". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 102: 595–602. Bibcode:1993A&AS..102..595T.
  5. DePew, K.; Parker, Q. A.; Miszalski, B.; De Marco, O.; Frew, D. J.; Acker, A.; Kovacevic, A. V.; Sharp, R. G. (2011). "Newly discovered Wolf-Rayet and weak emission-line central stars of planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (4): 2812–2827. arXiv:1101.2468. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414.2812D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18337.x. S2CID 11319403.
  6. Wang, W.; Liu, X. -W. (2007). "Elemental abundances of Galactic bulge planetary nebulae from optical recombination lines". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (4): 669–701. arXiv:0707.0542. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..669W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12198.x. S2CID 14459450.


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