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Maxine

Original author(s)	Bernd Mathiske, Douglas Simon (Sun Labs, Oracle)
Developer(s)	University of Manchester, Maxine team
Initial release	2005; 20 years ago (2005)
Stable release	2.9.0 / December 20, 2019; 5 years ago (2019-12-20)
Repository	github.com/beehive-lab/Maxine-VM
Written in	Java
Operating system	Solaris, Linux, macOS
Platform	x64, ARM32, AArch64, RISC-V
Type	Java virtual machine
License	GPL version 2.0
Website	github.com/beehive-lab/Maxine-VM

The Maxine virtual machine is an open source virtual machine that is developed at the University of Manchester. It was formerly developed by Sun Microsystems Laboratories, since renamed Oracle Labs. The emphasis in Maxine's software architecture is on modular design and code reuse for flexibility, configurability, and productivity for industrial and academic virtual machine researchers. It is one of a growing number of Java virtual machines written entirely in Java in a meta-circular style. Examples include Squawk and Jikes RVM.

Architecture

The Maxine VM is characterized internally by aggressive use of advanced language features in Java 1.5 and 1.6, by modular subsystems coordinated through Java interfaces, by the absence of an interpreter, and by a tightly coupled debugger and visualization tool for VM development.

Compatibility

Maxine is plug compatible with an unmodified Java Development Kit (JDK). Maxine can be developed, built, and run in standard Java integrated development environments (IDEs), including NetBeans, Eclipse, and IntelliJ IDEA.

Systems programming in Java

A secondary goal of the project is to develop methods and tools for "systems programming in Java". Compiler extensions, configured in VM source code using Java annotations, allow use, with no performance penalty, of low-level operations otherwise disallowed in Java. These extensions provided the foundation for the Graal compiler.

The Maxine Inspector

Specialized debugging support for the Maxine VM is provided by the Maxine Inspector: a companion tool that acts as a combined object, class, and method browser, and as a machine- and bytecode-level debugger. The Inspector runs out-of-process, needs no active VM support, and leverages code shared with the VM for specialized developer services that exploit detailed knowledge of memory layout and VM design. Notable services include:

• multiple mode views of code (source, bytecode, disassembled machine code) with multi-mode breakpoints and stepping;
• thread, stack, register, and thread local variable inspection;
• flexible low-level memory visualization with dynamic interpretation and linking of memory values, e.g. as code locations, object references;
• dynamic visualization of object fields and metadata;
• boot image configuration details; and
• specialized algorithm-specific support for debugging during GC.

History

Maxine was created by Bernd Mathiske at Sun Labs in early 2005. He led its development among a growing team until late 2008 when he left Sun Microsystems and handed the project over to Doug Simon who had been the first engineer to join it. Doug Simon continued in this role throughout the acquisition of Sun by Oracle Corporation.

The static (heap inspection) version of the Maxine Inspector was created by Bernd Mathiske in 2006. Michael Van De Vanter assumed development of the Inspector in 2007, adding dynamic support as the VM became executable and continued to evolve throughout the acquisition of Sun by Oracle Corporation.

Oracle continued development of Maxine until the release of Maxine 2.0. The University of Manchester is developing Maxine as of release 2.1.

See also

• List of Java virtual machines
• Squawk virtual machine
• Jikes RVM

References

Notes

1. "Maxine VM: A Metacircular VM for Java in Java". GitHub. 18 November 2021.
2. Wimmer et al. 2013, p. 1.
3. "Oracle Labs – About". Labs.oracle.com. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
4. "The Maxine Project: The Maxine Inspector". community.oracle.com. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
5. "Introduction to the Maxine Inspector (Demo)". youtube.com. 5 April 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
6. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 6 of 10 (2008): Multi-code Method Views". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
7. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 5 of 10 (2008): Disassembled Bytecode". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
8. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 4 of 10 (2008): Disassembled Machine Code". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
9. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 10 of 10 (2008): Breakpoints". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
10. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 7 of 10 (2008): Threads". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
11. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 9 of 10 (2008): Stacks". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
12. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 8 of 10 (2008): Registers". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
13. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 2 of 10 (2008): Memory". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
14. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 3 of 10 (2008): Heap Objects". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
15. "Maxine Inspector Mini-Demo 1 of 10 (2008): Boot Image Configuration". youtube.com. 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-09-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
17. "Maxine-VM: Maxine VM: A meta-circular research VM". GitHub. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-25.

Bibliography

• Kotselidis, Christos; Clarkson, James; Rodchenko, Andrey; Nisbet, Andy; Mawer, John; Luján, Mikel (2017). "Heterogeneous Managed Runtime Systems". Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. VEE 2017. pp. 74–82. doi:10.1145/3050748.3050764. ISBN 978-1-4503-4948-2.
• Wimmer, Christian; Haupt, Michael; Van De Vanter, Michael L.; Jordan, Mick; Daynès, Laurent; Simon, Douglas (January 2013). "Maxine: An approachable virtual machine for, and in, java". ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization. 9 (4). art. 30. doi:10.1145/2400682.2400689. ISSN 1544-3566.

External links

• Official website
• Maxine VM project at Read the Docs

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