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Non-exercise activity thermogenesis

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Metabolic energy use excluding exercise

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), also known as non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), is energy expenditure during activities that are not part of a structured exercise program. NEAT includes physical activity at the workplace, hobbies, standing instead of sitting, walking around, climbing stairs, doing chores, and fidgeting. Besides differences in body composition, it represents most of the variation in energy expenditure across individuals and populations, accounting from 6-10 percent to as much as 50 percent of energy expenditure in highly active individuals.

Relationship with obesity

NEAT is the main component of activity-related energy expenditure in obese individuals, as most do not do any physical exercise. NEAT is also lower in obese individuals than the general population.

NEAT may be reduced in individuals who have lost weight, which some hypothesize contributes to difficulties in achieving and sustaining weight loss.

In Western countries, occupations have shifted from physical labor to sedentary work, which results in a loss of energy expenditure. Strenuous physical labor can require 1500 calories or more per day than desk work.

Relationship with exercise

It is debated whether there is a significant reduction in NEAT after beginning a structured exercise program.

Health benefits

Lack of NEAT is posited as an explanation for health harms for prolonged sitting.

Measurement

Accelerometers and questionnaires can be used to estimate NEAT.

References

  1. ^ Silva, Analiza M.; Júdice, Pedro B.; Carraça, Eliana V.; King, Neil; Teixeira, Pedro J.; Sardinha, Luís B. (June 2018). "What is the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on behavioural compensation in non-exercise physical activity and related energy expenditure of free-living adults? A systematic review". British Journal of Nutrition. 119 (12): 1327–1345. doi:10.1017/S000711451800096X. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 29845903. S2CID 44075586.
  2. Saeidifard, Farzane; Medina-Inojosa, Jose R; Supervia, Marta; Olson, Thomas P; Somers, Virend K; Erwin, Patricia J; Lopez-Jimenez, Francisco (March 2018). "Differences of energy expenditure while sitting versus standing: A systematic review and meta-analysis". European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 25 (5): 522–538. doi:10.1177/2047487317752186. PMID 29385357. S2CID 3561544.
  3. ^ Loeffelholz, Christian von; Birkenfeld, Andreas L. (2022). "Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis in Human Energy Homeostasis". Endotext . MDText.com, Inc.
  4. ^ Chung, Nana; Park, Mi-Young; Kim, Jisu; Park, Hun-Young; Hwang, Hyejung; Lee, Chi-Ho; Han, Jin-Soo; So, Jaemoo; Park, Jonghoon; Lim, Kiwon (30 June 2018). "Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure". Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry. 22 (2): 23–30. doi:10.20463/jenb.2018.0013. ISSN 2233-6834. PMC 6058072. PMID 30149423.
  5. Fedewa, Michael V.; Hathaway, Elizabeth D.; Williams, Tyler D.; Schmidt, Michael D. (1 June 2017). "Effect of Exercise Training on Non-Exercise Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Sports Medicine. 47 (6): 1171–1182. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0649-z. ISSN 1179-2035. PMID 27873191. S2CID 27543179.
  6. Washburn, R. A.; Lambourne, K.; Szabo, A. N.; Herrmann, S. D.; Honas, J. J.; Donnelly, J. E. (February 2014). "Does increased prescribed exercise alter non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults? A systematic review". Clinical Obesity. 4 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/cob.12040. ISSN 1758-8103. PMC 5996763. PMID 25425128.
  7. Mansfeldt, Julie Marvel; Magkos, Faidon (1 June 2023). "Compensatory Responses to Exercise Training As Barriers to Weight Loss: Changes in Energy Intake and Non-exercise Physical Activity". Current Nutrition Reports. 12 (2): 327–337. doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00467-y. ISSN 2161-3311. PMID 36933180. S2CID 257603943.
  8. Levine, James A. (1 August 2015). "Sick of sitting". Diabetologia. 58 (8): 1751–1758. doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3624-6. ISSN 1432-0428. PMC 4519030. PMID 26003325. S2CID 2706500.
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