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Novaeratitae
Portrait of a southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Clade:	Novaeratitae Yuri et al., 2013
Orders
Casuariiformes †Aepyornithiformes Apterygiformes

Novaeratitae is a proposed clade that was originally defined to contain the recent common ancestors of the orders Casuariiformes (emus and cassowaries) and Apterygiformes (kiwis). This clade was named by Yuri et al. (2013) and phylogenetically defined in the PhyloCode by Sangster et al. (2022) as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Apteryx australis and Casuarius casuarius". Recently it has been determined that the elephant birds of the extinct order Aepyornithiformes were the closest relatives of the kiwis, and therefore are part of this group. The implication is that ratites had lost flight independently in each group, as the elephant birds are the only novaeratites found outside Oceania. This clade has been contested by other studies, which find the relationships between the four main clades of non-ostrich palaeognaths (moa+tinamou, kiwi+elephant bird, rheas, and emus+cassowaries) to be an unresolved polytomy, with only slightly more genetic support for Novaeritiae over alternative proposals.

References

1. Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320, 1763.
2. Yuri, T. (2013) Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology, 2:419–44.
3. Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022-01-01). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds" (PDF). Avian Research. 13: 100027. Bibcode:2022AvRes..1300027S. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027. ISSN 2053-7166.
4. ^ Mitchell, K. J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N. J.; Worthy, T. H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M. S. Y.; Cooper, A. (2014-05-23). "Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution". Science. 344 (6186): 898–900. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..898M. doi:10.1126/science.1251981. hdl:2328/35953. PMID 24855267. S2CID 206555952.
5. Takezaki, Naoko (2023-06-01). Holland, Barbara (ed.). "Effect of Different Types of Sequence Data on Palaeognath Phylogeny". Genome Biology and Evolution. 15 (6). doi:10.1093/gbe/evad092. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 10262969. PMID 37227001.

v t e Palaeognath genera
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see Theropoda Maniraptora see Maniraptora Palaeognathae see below↓
Palaeognathae Palaeognathae †Asteriornis? †Eremopezus? †Limenavis? †Lithornithidae Calciavis Fissuravis Lithornis Paracathartes Pseudocrypturus Struthioniformes †Remiornis? †Geranoididae? Eogeranoides Galligeranoides? Geranodornis Palaeophasianus Paragrus †Palaeotididae? Palaeotis Galligeranoides? †Eogruidae? Eogrus Sonogrus †Ergilornithidae? Amphipelargus Ergilornis Sinoergilornis Urmiornis Struthionidae †Orientornis †Pachystruthio? Struthio Notopalaeognathae see below↓
Notopalaeognathae Rheiformes †Opisthodactylidae Diogenornis? Opisthodactylus Rheidae †Heterorhea †Hinasuri †Protorhea Rhea †Dinornithiformes Dinornis Megalapteryx Emeidae Anomalopteryx Emeus Euryapteryx Pachyornis Tinamidae †Miniothura †Querandiornis †Roveretornis Tinaminae Crypturellus Nothocercus Tinamus Nothurinae Eudromia Nothoprocta Nothura Rhynchotus Taoniscus Tinamotis Novaeratitae Apterygidae Apteryx †Proapteryx †Aepyornithidae Aepyornis Mullerornis Casuariiformes †Diogenornis? Casuariidae Casuarius Dromaius †Emuarius
Ootaxa Diamantornis Incognitoolithus Medioolithus Namornis Psammornis Tsondabornis
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