| Nymphaea pygmaea | |
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| Illustration of Nymphaea pygmaea | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Nymphaea |
| Subgenus: | Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea |
| Section: | Nymphaea sect. Chamaenymphaea |
| Species: | N. pygmaea |
| Binomial name | |
| Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) W.T.Aiton | |
| Synonyms | |
List
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Nymphaea pygmaea is a controversial species of perennial, aquatic herb in the family Nymphaeaceae native to Asia.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
It is a perennial, aquatic herb with erect, cylindrical, unbranched rhizomes without stolons. The obovate to orbicular, thick, 5.5–24 cm long, and 4.5–21 cm wide leaves with diverging basal lobes have an entire margin. The upper leaf surface is green to purple. The petiole is slender.
Generative characteristics
The white, floating, 3–6 cm wide flower has four sepals with an obtuse apex and 5–17 petals with an obtuse apex. The androecium consists of 24–71 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 5-11 carpels. The globose fruit bears ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.9–3.6 mm long, and 1.3–2.6 mm wide seeds.
Cytology
The chromosome count is 2n = 42 or 2n = 84. The ploidy level is 6x.
Taxonomy
It was first published as Castalia pygmaea Salisb. by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1807. It was placed in the genus Nymphaea L. as Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) W.T.Aiton by William Townsend Aiton published in 1811. It is widely regarded as a synonym of Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. The circumscription of Nymphaea tetragona in East Asia is however problematic and these problematic plants may be deserving of the status of a separate species Nymphaea pygmaea. There are several studies supporting this separate status.
Position within Nymphaea
Within the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea, it is placed in the section Nymphaea sect. Chamaenymphaea, of which it is the type species. It is identified as the sister group to Nymphaea tetragona and Nymphaea leibergii based on nuclear ribosomal DNA, but the relationships based on the analysis of the chloroplast DNA is unclear.
Etymology
The specific epithet pygmaea means small or dwarf.
Ecology
Habitat
It occurs in lakes, ponds, marshes, and rice fields.
References
- ^ "Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) W.T.Aiton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ Naito, H., Kato, S., Shutoh, K., & Shiga, T. (2024). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal the taxonomic distinctiveness between Nymphaea pygmaea and N. tetragona (Nymphaeaceae).
- ^ Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. (n.d.-b). Flora of China @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007090
- Nymphaea pygmaea W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605681-1
- ^ Borsch, T., Wiersema, J. H., Hellquist, C. B., Löhne, C., & Govers, K. (2014). Speciation in North American water lilies: evidence for the hybrid origin of the newly discovered Canadian endemic Nymphaea loriana sp. nov.(Nymphaeaceae) in a past contact zone. Botany, 92(12), 867-882.
- ^ Naito, H., & Shiga, T. (2024). Distribution of Nymphaea pygmaea and N. Tetragona (Nymphaeaceae) in Hokkaido, Sakhalin Island, and the Kuril Islands based on herbarium specimen records. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 17(1), 81-86.
- ^ Hooker, J. D., Thomson, T. (1855). Flora Indica: Being a Systematic Account of the Plants of British India, Together with Observations on the Structure and Affinities of Their Natural Orders and Genera. p. 244. Vereinigtes Königreich: Pamplin.
- Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, Gowen, J. R., Whitfield, Richard Gullet, King’s College London., Physical Society (Guy’s Hospital), & St. Thomas’s Hospital. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 293). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown,. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853131
- Löve, Á. (1978). IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXI. Taxon, 27(4), 375–392. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1220381
- Gupta, P. P. (1980). Cytogenetics of aquatic ornamentals. VI. Evolutionary trends and relationships in the genus Nymphaea. Cytologia, 45(1/2), 307-314.
- "Castalia pygmaea Salisb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- Reid, M. K., Paterson, I. D., Coetzee, J. A., Gettys, L. A., & Hill, M. P. (2023). Know thy enemy: Investigating genetic contributions from putative parents of invasive Nymphaea mexicana hybrids in South Africa as part of efforts to develop biological control. Biological Control, 184, 105291.
- Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. (n.d.). Catalogue of Life (COL). Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/486FM
- Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) Aiton. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.gbif.org/species/3697746
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=415887. Accessed 4 December 2024.
- Ortgies, E. (1851). Die Familie der Nymphaeen. Neue Allgemeine Deutsche Garten- Und Blumenzeitung, 7(11), pp. 481–484.
- Pleioblastus pygmaeus. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285354&isprofile=0&
- A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=pygmaeus
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Nymphaea pygmaea | |