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Ourisia biflora

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Species of flowering plant

Ourisia biflora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Ourisia
Species: O. biflora
Binomial name
Ourisia biflora
Wedd.


Ourisia biflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the Tropical Andes mountains of southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. Hugh Algernon Weddell described O. biflora in 1860. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, perennial, and repent herbs with opposite, crenate, and often hairy leaves. There can be up to four flowers on a short raceme, and each flower has a regular calyx, and a long, tubular, red or orange-red nearly bilabiate corolla with exserted stamens. The calyx and corolla are often hairless.

Taxonomy

Ourisia biflora is in the plant family Plantaginaceae. Anglo-French botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell described O. biflora in his book, Chloris Andina, in 1860.

The type material was collected in 1857 by French botanist and mining engineer Gilbert Mandon in the mountains near Sorata in Bolivia. The holotype is housed at the National Museum of Natural History, France (herbarium P).

Ourisia biflora is one of five species of Ourisia in the Tropical Andes, together with O. muscosa, O. pulchella, O. chamaedrifolia, and O. cotapatensis. All five species are in the herbaceous subgenus Ourisia. Of these, O. biflora s perhaps most similar to O. muscosa, with which it shares small, regular corollas (less than 9 mm long) and small leaves (less than 6 mm long). It can be distinguished from O. muscosa by its crenate, undulate or subentire leaves (vs. entire leaves), corollas longer than 5.5 mm long (vs. less than 5 mm), lanceolate to narrowly ovate sepals (vs. ovate to very broadly ovate), and floral bracts low on the pedicel and not covering the calyx (vs. much higher on the pedicel that cover the calyx of each flower). Ourisia biflora is also larger (>11.6 mm tall) with larger leaves (>3.5 mm long) compared to O. muscosa.

Description

Ourisia biflora plants are perennial, repent herbs. The short stems are 1.1–1.4 mm wide, and glabrous (hairless) or hairy with short non-glandular hairs. Leaves are tightly clustered, often tufted near the growing tip of the stem, opposite, petiolate, 3.5–6.1 mm long by 2.6–4.4 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.3–1.4:1). Leaf petioles are 1.3–7.0 mm long and sparsely hairy with short non-glandular hairs mostly near the edges. Leaf blades are narrowly ovate or ovate, are widest below the middle, with a rounded or subacute apex, usually cuneate base, and obscurely toothed edges. Leaves on both surfaces are hairy with a short, sparsely to densely distributed non-glandular hairs. Inflorescences are erect, with hairy racemes up to 13 mm long, and with 1–2 flowering nodes and up to 2 total flowers per raceme. Each flowering node has 1 flower and 2 petiolate to nearly sessile bracts that are oblanceolate to narrowly obovate. The bracts are similar to the leaves but smaller, 3.3–4.6 mm long and 1.4–1.6 mm wide. The flowers are borne on a pedicel that is up to 3.4 mm long and has sparsely to densely distributed, short non-glandular hairs. The calyx is 3.1–3.8 mm long, irregular, with three lobes divided to half the length of the calyx, and two lobes divided to three-quarters the length of the calyx, densely hairy with short non-glandular hairs on the outside of the calyx. The corolla is less than 9 mm long (including a 5.3–6.0 mm long corolla tube), regular, tubular-funnelform, white and tinged pink or violet, glabrous on the outside, and densely hairy inside at the tube opening. The corolla lobes are 1.3–2.8 mm long, spreading, obovate or obcordate, and with irregular edges. There are 4 stamens which are didynamous, with two long stamens that are included within the corolla tube or reaching the tube opening, and two short stamens that are included; a short staminode is also present. The style, ovary, fruits and seeds have not been described.

Ourisia biflora flowers in November, but its fruiting period is unknown.

The chromosome number of Ourisia biflora is unknown.

Distribution and habitat

Ourisia biflora is known only from the altiplano in southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia from c. 14°-16°S. This species is found on rocks in high-elevation wet puna habitats from 3500 to 5000 m above sea level. There are few herbarium specimens or observations of it. The species has been reported recently in Peru from Cusco department and the Carabaya mountain range in Puno department, and in Bolivia in La Paz department including in Madidi National Park.

Phylogeny

Four of the five Tropical Andean species of Ourisia were sampled for phylogenetic analysis of all species of the genus Ourisia, using standard DNA sequencing markers (two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers and two chloroplast DNA regions) and morphological data, however O. biflora was unable to be included.

References

  1. ^ Weddell, H. A. (1857). Chloris andina : essai d'une flore de la région alpine des Cordillères de l'Amérique du Sud. Vol. 1857 v. 2. Paris: P. Bertrand. p. 117.
  2. "Ourisia biflora Wedd. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  3. ^ Meudt, Heidi (24 April 2006). Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 77. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. ISBN 978-0-912861-77-7.
  4. Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de; Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de; Candolle, Alphonse de (1846). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta. Vol. v.10 (1846). Parisii: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. p. 493.
  5. "Holotype of Ourisia biflora Wedd. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE] on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  6. ^ Meudt, Heidi; Beck, Stephan G. (1 December 2003). "Ourisia cotapatensis (Scrophulariaceae s.l.), a new species from Bolivia". Lundellia. 6 (1): 97–102. doi:10.25224/1097-993X-6.1.3.
  7. ^ Ramírez, Mónica Moraes; Maldonado, Carla; Zenteno-Ruiz, Freddy S.; Meneses, Rosa Isela (1 January 2018). "Vegetación y plantas con riesgos de conservación en los Andes tropicales de Bolivia, Conservation risked vegetation types and plants of the tropical Andes of Bolivia". Kempffiana. 14 (2): 1–41.
  8. "Ourisia biflora". iNaturalist NZ. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  9. "Ourisia biflora Wedd". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  10. danplant (29 March 2020). "Ourisia biflora". iNaturalist NZ. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  11. Gonzáles, Paúl; León, Blanca; Cano, Asunción; Jørgensen, Peter M. (25 September 2018). "Vascular flora and phytogeographical links of the Carabaya Mountains, Peru". Revista Peruana de Biologia. 25 (3): 191–210. doi:10.15381/RPB.V25I3.15228.
  12. Fuentes, Alfredo Fernando (1 January 2018). "Novedades florísticas de la región del Madidi: Nuevos registros de plantas vasculares, adiciones al catálogo de bolivia y especies poco conocidas". Kempffiana (in Spanish). 14 (2): 42–62.
  13. Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (18 April 2006). "The biogeography of the austral, subalpine genus Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence: South American origin and dispersal to New Zealand and Tasmania". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87 (4): 479–513. doi:10.1111/J.1095-8312.2006.00584.X.
  14. Meudt, Heidi; Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (1 October 2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in Ourisia (Plantaginaceae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 94 (3): 554–570. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[554:PAOMCI]2.0.CO;2.

External links

Taxon identifiers
Ourisia biflora
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