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Plecturocebus
Brown titi (Plecturocebus brunneus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Pitheciidae
Subfamily:	Callicebinae
Genus:	Plecturocebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016
Type species
Cebus moloch Hoffmannsegg, 1807
Species
See text.

Plecturocebus is one of three genera of titi monkeys.

Historically, these monkeys were monogeneric, being placed in a single genus: Callicebus Thomas, 1903. Owing to the great diversity found across titi monkey species, a new genus-level taxonomy was proposed in 2016 that recognises three genera within the subfamily Callicebinae; Plecturocebus Byrne et al., 2016 for the Amazonian and Chaco titis of the moloch and donacophilus groups; Cheracebus Byrne et al., 2016 for the species of the torquatus group (Widow titis); and Callicebus Thomas, 1903 sensu stricto, for species of the Atlantic Forest personatus group.

Plecturocebus is derived from the Latin forms of three Greek words: plektos, meaning twist or plait, oura, meaning tail, and kebos, meaning long-tailed monkey. All together, this refers to the behavior of many titi monkeys to intertwine their tails when they sit next to each other.

Species

There are 25 species in this genus:

• P. donacophilus group
  • White-eared titi monkey, Plecturocebus donacophilus
  • Rio Beni titi monkey, Plecturocebus modestus
  • Rio Mayo titi monkey, Plecturocebus oenanthe
  • Olalla brothers' titi monkey, Plecturocebus olallae
  • White-coated titi monkey, Plecturocebus pallescens
  • Urubamba brown titi monkey, Plecturocebus urubambensis
• P. moloch group
  • Madidi titi monkey, Plecturocebus aureipalatii
  • Baptista Lake titi monkey, Plecturocebus baptista
  • Prince Bernhard's titi monkey, Plecturocebus bernhardi
  • Brown titi monkey, Plecturocebus brunneus
  • Chestnut-bellied titi monkey, Plecturocebus caligatus
  • Caquetá titi monkey, Plecturocebus caquetensis
  • Ashy black titi monkey, Plecturocebus cinerascens
  • Coppery titi monkey, Plecturocebus cupreus
  • White-tailed titi monkey, Plecturocebus discolor
  • Hershkovitz's titi monkey, Plecturocebus dubius
  • Alta Floresta titi monkey, Plecturocebus grovesi
  • Hoffmanns's titi monkey, Plecturocebus hoffmannsi
  • Milton's titi monkey, Plecturocebus miltoni
  • Red-bellied titi monkey, Plecturocebus moloch
  • Ornate titi monkey, Plecturocebus ornatus
  • Parecis titi monkey, Plecturocebus parecis
  • Stephen Nash's titi monkey, Plecturocebus stephennashi
  • Toppin's titi monkey, Plecturocebus toppini
  • Vieira's titi monkey, Plecturocebus vieirai

References

1. ^ Byrne, Hazel; Rylands, Anthony B.; Carneiro, Jeferson C.; Alfaro, Jessica W. Lynch; Bertuol, Fabricio; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Messias, Mariluce; Groves, Colin P.; Mittermeier, Russell A. (2016-01-01). "Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence". Frontiers in Zoology. 13: 10. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 4774130. PMID 26937245.
2. ^ Vermeer, J.; Tello-Alvarado, J. C. (2015). "The Distribution and Taxonomy of Titi Monkeys (Callicebus) in Central and Southern Peru, with the Description of a New Species". Primate Conservation. 29: 9–29. doi:10.1896/052.029.0102.
3. Boubli, Jean P.; et al. (March 2019). "On a new species of titi monkey (Primates: Plecturocebus Byrne et al., 2016), from Alta Floresta, southern Amazon, Brazil". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 132: 117–137. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.012. PMID 30496844. S2CID 54166316.
4. Dalponte, Julio César; Silva, Felipe Ennes; Silva Júnior, José de Sousa e. (2014). "New species of titi monkey, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae), from Southern Amazonia, Brazil". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 54 (32). doi:10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.32.
5. news.nationalgeographic.com 2015-03-15 New Titi Monkey Found: Fire-Tailed, With Sideburns
6. Gusmão, Almério Câmara; et al. (2019). "A New Species of Titi Monkey, Plecturocebus Byrne et al., 2016 (Primates, Pitheciidae), from Southwestern Amazonia, Brazil". Primate Conservation (33): 21–35. S2CID 231601895.
7. Gualda-Barros, J.; Nascimento, F. O.; Amaral, M. K. (2012). "A new species of Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae) from the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 52 (23): 261–279. doi:10.1590/s0031-10492012002300001.

v t e Haplorhini
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates
Haplorhini †"Omomyidae" Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius Microchoerinae Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex "Anaptomorphinae" Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina "Omomyinae" Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius Tarkadectinae Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops Tarsiiformes †Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"? Tarsiidae Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis? Simiiformes see below↓
Simiiformes Simiiformes †Altiatlasius? †Amamria †Aseanpithecus †Nosmips? †Phileosimias? †Afrotarsiidae? Afrasia Afrotarsius †Eosimiidae Bahinia Eosimias Phenacopithecus †Amphipithecidae Amphipithecus Bugtipithecus? Ganlea Krabia Myanmarpithecus Pondaungia Siamopithecus †Parapithecoidea Arsinoea Biretia Proteopithecidae Proteopithecus Serapia Parapithecidae Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus Platyrrhini †Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico Aotidae Aotus †Tremacebus Pitheciidae †Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix Atelidae Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia Cebidae †Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus Callitrichidae Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus Catarrhini see below↓
Catarrhini Catarrhini †Micropithecus †Saadanius †Oligopithecidae Catopithecus Oligopithecus Talahpithecus †Propliopithecidae Aegyptopithecus Propliopithecus †Pliopithecoidea Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi Pliopithecidae Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus Dionysopithecidae Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus Crouzeliidae Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates Cercopithecoidea †Alophe †Victoriapithecidae Noropithecus Nsungwepithecus? Prohylobates? Victoriapithecus Zaltanpithecus Colobinae †Cercopithecoides Colobus †Dolichopithecus †Kuseracolobus †Libypithecus †Mesopithecus †Microcolobus Nasalis †Paracolobus †Parapresbytis Piliocolobus Presbytis Procolobus Pygathrix †Rhinocolobus Rhinopithecus †Sawecolobus Semnopithecus Simias Trachypithecus Cercopithecinae Cercopithecini Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus Papionini Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus Hominoidea see below↓
Hominoidea Hominoidea †Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus †Dendropithecidae Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus Hylobatidae †Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus Hominidae †Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus Ponginae †Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus Homininae †Dryopithecini Anoiapithecus Danuvius Dryopithecus Hispanopithecus? Pierolapithecus? Rudapithecus Gorillini †Chororapithecus? Gorilla †Nakalipithecus? Hominini Pan Hominina †Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

• Plecturocebus
• Primate genera
• Taxa described in 2016
• Taxa named by Maria Nazareth Ferreira da Silva
• Taxa named by Colin Groves
• Taxa named by Russell Mittermeier