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Puck

Puck as imaged by Voyager 2 in January 1986. The image is centered on Puck's south pole. Despite the low resolution, several craters have been identified, including Bogle on the upper right
Discovery
Discovered by	Stephen P. Synnott / Voyager 2
Discovery date	December 30, 1985
Designations
Designation	Uranus XV
Pronunciation	/ˈpʌk/
Adjectives	Puckian
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	86004.444±0.064 km
Eccentricity	0.00012±0.000061
Orbital period (sidereal)	0.76183287±0.000000014 d
Average orbital speed	8.21 km/s
Inclination	0.31921°±0.021° (to Uranus's equator)
Satellite of	Uranus
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	162 × 162 × 162 km
Mean radius	81±2 km
Surface area	82000 km
Volume	2226100±7.8% km
Mass	(1.91±0.64)×10 kg
Mean density	~0.858 g/cm
Surface gravity	~0.019 m/s
Escape velocity	~0.056 km/s
Synodic rotation period	synchronous
Axial tilt	zero
Albedo	0.11±0.015 (geometric) 0.035±0.006 (Bond) at 0.55 μm
Temperature	~65 K
Apparent magnitude	20.5

Puck is the sixth-largest moon of Uranus. It was discovered in December 1985 by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The name Puck follows the convention of naming Uranus's moons after characters from Shakespeare. The orbit of Puck lies between the rings of Uranus and the first of Uranus's large moons, Miranda. Puck is approximately spherical in shape and has diameter of about 162 km. It has a dark, heavily cratered surface, which shows spectral signs of water ice.

Discovery and naming

Puck—the largest inner moon of Uranus—was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 30 December 1985. It was given the temporary designation S/1985 U 1.

The moon was later named after the character Puck who appears in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, a little sprite who travels around the globe at night with the fairies. In Celtic mythology and English folklore, a Puck is a mischievous sprite, imagined as an evil demon by Christians.

It is also designated Uranus XV.

Physical characteristics

Puck is the largest inner moon of Uranus, orbiting inside the orbit of Miranda. It is intermediate in size between Portia (the second-largest inner moon) and Miranda (the smallest of the five major moons). Puck's orbit is located between the rings of Uranus and Miranda. Little is known about Puck aside from its orbit, radius of about 81 km, and geometric albedo in visible light of approximately 0.11.

Of the moons discovered by the Voyager 2 imaging team, only Puck was discovered early enough that the probe could be programmed to image it in some detail. Images showed that Puck has a shape of a slightly prolate spheroid (ratio between axes is 0.93–1). Its surface is heavily cratered and is grey in color. There are three named craters on the surface of Puck, the largest being about 45 km in diameter. Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and large terrestrial telescopes found water-ice absorption features in the spectrum of Puck.

Little is known about the internal structure of Puck. It is probably made of a mixture of water ice, and may have been collisionally disrupted and reaccreted as a rubble pile. The presence of a 3.0 deep 3.0 micron feature attributed to the O-H stretching mode suggests that water ice or hydrated minerals are a common component on Puck's surface. Its surface is coated with a dark material similar to that found in the main rings. The dark material is probably made of rocks or radiation-processed organics; it is possible that material spiralling inwards from Uranus's μ ring coats Puck's leading hemisphere as well. Puck, as well as the other inner satellites of Uranus, is darker than the average inner Neptunian satellite, which could be either due to a higher level of solar irradiation at Uranus as opposed to Neptune, or a distinct composition. The absence of craters with bright rays implies that Puck is not differentiated, meaning that ice and non-ice components have not separated from each other into a core and mantle.

Named features

Puck has three craters named Bogle, Butz, and Lob, which are named after mischievous spirits from Scottish, German, and British folklore respectively. Details about these craters are currently unknown.

See also

• Moons of Uranus
• Rings of Uranus

Notes

1. ^ Calculated on the basis of other parameters.
2. Only two dimensions are known; the third dimension has been assumed to equal the other two.

References

Citations

1. ^ Smith Soderblom et al. 1986.
2. "Puck". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020.
3. Sedgwick (1999) Shakespeare and the young writer
4. ^ Jacobson 1998.
5. ^ Karkoschka, Voyager 2001.
6. ^ French et al. 2024.
7. Jacobson (2023), as cited in French et al. (2024)
8. ^ Karkoschka, Hubble 2001.
9. ^ Thomas Veverka et al. 1987.
10. ^ Dumas Smith et al. 2003.
11. IAUC 4159.
12. USGS: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers.
13. ^ Cartwright et al. 2021. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCartwright_et_al._2021 (help)
14. ^ Belyakov, Matthew; Davis, M. Ryleigh; Milby, Zachariah; Wong, Ian; Brown, Michael E. (2024-05-01). "JWST Spectrophotometry of the Small Satellites of Uranus and Neptune". The Planetary Science Journal. 5 (5): 119. arXiv:2404.06660. Bibcode:2024PSJ.....5..119B. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad3d55. ISSN 2632-3338.

Sources

• Jacobson, R. A. (1998). "The Orbits of the Inner Uranian Satellites From Hubble Space Telescope and Voyager 2 Observations". The Astronomical Journal. 115 (3): 1195–1199. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1195J. doi:10.1086/300263.
• Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". Icarus. 151 (1): 69–77. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...69K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6597.
• Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope". Icarus. 151 (1): 51–68. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...51K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6596.
• Thomas, P.; Veverka, J.; Johnson, T.V.; Brown, Robert Hamilton (1987). "Voyager observations of 1985U1". Icarus. 72 (1): 79–83. Bibcode:1987Icar...72...79T. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90121-7.
• Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986). "Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results". Science. 233 (4759): 43–64. Bibcode:1986Sci...233...43S. doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.43. PMID 17812889. S2CID 5895824.
• Dumas, Christophe; Smith, Bradford A.; Terrile, Richard J. (2003). "Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Multiband Photometry of Proteus and Puck". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (2): 1080–1085. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.1080D. doi:10.1086/375909.
• Marsden, Brian G. (January 16, 1986). "Satellites of Uranus and Neptune". IAU Circular. 4159. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
• USGS/IAU (July 21, 2006). "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
• French, Richard G.; Hedman, Matthew M.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Longaretti, Pierre-Yves; McGhee-French, Colleen A. (2024-03-15). "The Uranus system from occultation observations (1977–2006): Rings, pole direction, gravity field, and masses of Cressida, Cordelia, and Ophelia". Icarus. 411: 115957. arXiv:2401.04634. Bibcode:2024Icar..41115957F. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115957. ISSN 0019-1035.

• Cartwright, Richard J.; Beddingfield, Chloe B.; Nordheim, Tom A.; et al. (June 2021). "The Science Case for Spacecraft Exploration of the Uranian Satellites: Candidate Ocean Worlds in an Ice Giant System". The Planetary Society Journal. 2 (3): 120. arXiv:2105.01164. Bibcode:2021PSJ.....2..120C. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abfe12.

External links

• Page that includes a reprocessed version of the Voyager 2 Puck image

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• Moons of Uranus
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1985
• Moons with a prograde orbit
• A Midsummer Night's Dream
• Puck (folklore)