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Breast atrophy
15th century sculpture depicting breast atrophy

Breast atrophy is the normal or spontaneous atrophy or shrinkage of the breasts.

Breast atrophy commonly occurs in women during menopause when estrogen levels decrease. It can also be caused by hypoestrogenism and/or hyperandrogenism in women in general, such as in antiestrogen treatment for breast cancer, in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and in malnutrition such as that associated with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or with chronic disease. It can also be an effect of weight loss.

In the treatment of gynecomastia in males and macromastia in women, and in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for trans men, breast atrophy may be a desired effect.

See also

• Mammoplasia
• Micromastia

References

1. ^ Prem Puri; Michael E. Höllwarth (28 May 2009). Pediatric Surgery: Diagnosis and Management. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-3-540-69560-8.
2. Melvin A. Shiffman (24 December 2009). Mastopexy and Breast Reduction: Principles and Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-3-540-89873-3.
3. Kristen A. Atkins; Christina Kong (29 October 2012). Practical Breast Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach: A Volume in the Pattern Recognition Series. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-4557-3340-8.
4. Thomas J. Lawton (27 April 2009). Breast. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-521-88159-3.
5. Ricardo Azziz (3 July 2007). The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Concepts on Pathogenesis and Clinical Care. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-387-69248-7.
6. Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle (2009). Maternity and Pediatric Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 213–. ISBN 978-0-7817-8055-1.
7. J.P. Lavery; J.S. Sanfilippo (6 December 2012). Pediatric and Adolescent Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-1-4612-5064-7.
8. ^ Julia A. McMillan; Ralph D. Feigin; Catherine DeAngelis; M. Douglas Jones (2006). Oski's Pediatrics: Principles & Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 558–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1.
9. Cynthia Feucht; Donald E. Greydanus; Joav Merrick; Hatim A. Omar; Dilip R. Patel (2 April 2012). Pharmacotherapeutics in General, Mental and Sexual Health. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 287–. ISBN 978-3-11-025570-6.
10. Merril D. Smith (8 September 2014). Cultural Encyclopedia of the Breast. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-0-7591-2332-8.

External links

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