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Rongpo (also known as Rangpo and Rang Po Bhasa) is a West Himalayish language spoken in Uttarakhand, India. George Abraham Grierson originally called the language the Garhwal dialect of one of the Tibetic languages, but is now considered its own independent language.

Geographical distribution

Rongpo is spoken in the following locations of Uttarakhand, India (Ethnologue).

• Niti Valley, Joshimath tehsil, Chamoli District, Garhwal Division, Uttarakhand (in Niti, Gamshali, Bampa, and Malari villages)
• Mana valley, Joshimath tehsil Chamoli District, Garhwal Division, Uttarakhand: Mana, Indradhara, Gajkoti, Pathiya-Dhantoli, Hanuman Chatti, Benakuli, and Aut.

Dialects

The two different dialects of Rongpo are called the Marcha (Marchha) and the Tolcha (Tolchha) dialect, Both dialects only have a difference in the phonetic level and are written in the same way.

Marcha

Marcha dialect is spoken in Mana and Niti valleys.

Tolcha

There are a few Tolchha dialect speakers in Niti valley. Tolcha is usually considered its own independent and separate language from Rongpo. Tolcha has been considered extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger since the 1950s.

References

1. ^ "Endangered Languages Project - Rongpo". ELP. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. ^ Randy J. LaPolla (2001). The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Uttar Pradesh (PDF). University of Hong Kong. p. 2,9. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
3. "Rongpo". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2024. 7,500 (2001 D. Bradley).
4. ^ Christopher Moseley; Alexandre Nicolas (2010). "Atlas of the world's languages in danger". UNESCO. p. 203. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
5. "The Endangered And Extinct Languages Of India". Outlook. 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
6. "Of native tongues vanished & in peril". Hindustan Times. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2025.

v t e Sino-Tibetan branches
Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)	West Himalayish Tamangic Newaric Newar Baram–Thangmi Kiranti Dhimalish Dhimal Toto Lhokpu Lepcha Greater Magaric Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange
Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)	Bodish Tibetic East Bodish Tshangla Basum Nam? Gongduk ʼOle Tani Chamdo
Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border	Karbi Kuki-Chin Mruic Mru Hkongso Pyu Taman "Naga" Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme Sal Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish
East and Southeast Asia	Sinitic Bai Tujia Nungish Karenic Gong Kathu Cai–Long Caijia Longjia Luren Burmo-Qiangic Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish
Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal)	Hrusish Hruso Mijiic Kho-Bwa Puroik Miju–Meyor Songlin Greater Siangic Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon
Proposed groupings	Central Tibeto-Burman Kuki-Chin–Naga Macro-Bai Mahakiranti Rung Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Kanauri
Proto-languages	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Proto-Tibeto-Burman Proto-Loloish Proto-Karenic Proto-Min Proto-Hakka
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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