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State of Jabal al-DruzeDjebel Druze جبل الدروز
1 May 1921–9 September 1936
Flag
Location of Jabal al-Druze (blue) in the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Status	Mandate of France
Capital	As-Suwayda
Common languages	French Arabic
Religion	Christianity Druze Sunni Islam
Governor
• 1921–1923	Prince Salim Basha al-Atrash
• 1935–1936	Pierre Tarit
Historical era	Interwar period
• Established	1 May 1921
• Named "State of Souaida"	4 March 1922
• Named "Jabal al-Druze"	1 June 1927
• Disestablished	9 September 1936
Preceded by Succeeded by State of Damascus First Syrian Republic

Jabal al-Druze (Arabic: جبل الدروز, French: Djebel Druze) was an autonomous state in the French Mandate of Syria from 1921 to 1936, designed to function as a government for the local Druze population under French oversight.

Nomenclature

On 4 March 1922, it was proclaimed as the State of Souaida, after the capital As-Suwayda, but in 1927 it was renamed Jabal al-Druze or Jabal Druze State. The name comes from the Jabal al-Druze mountain.

History

Part of a series on Druze
Beliefs Al-Muwahhidun-Ahl at-Tawhid Reincarnation Theophany Esotericism Divine Call Seven Druze pillars Taqiya Walayah
Important figures Shu'ayb Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah Hamza ibn Ali Al-Darazi Baha al-Din al-Muqtana Al-Tanukhi
Texts Epistles of Wisdom (Rasa'il al-Hikma)
Holy places Mount Druze Shrine of Shu'ayb Khalwat
Holy days Eid al-Adha Ziyara
History Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty Ma'n dynasty 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) Battle of Ain Dara 1838 Druze Revolt 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus Hauran Druze Rebellion Jabal Druze State Jaysh al-Muwahhidin Qalb Loze massacre
Druze communities Syrian Druze Lebanese Druze Israeli Druze Jordanian Druze
Related topics Persecution of Druze List of Druze Religious symbols Christianity and Druze
Religion portal
v t e

The Druze state was formed on 1 May 1921 in former Ottoman territory, while other statelets were installed in other parts of the Syrian mandate (e.g. the Alawite State in the Lattakia region). Jabal al-Druze was home to about 50,000 Druze. It was the first, and remains the only, autonomous entity to be populated and governed by Druze. The 1925 Syrian Revolution began in Jabal al-Druze under the leadership of Sultan al-Atrash, and quickly spread to Damascus and other non-Druze areas outside the Jabal al-Druze region. Protests against the division of Syrian territory into statelets were a main theme of Syrian anti-colonial nationalism, which eventually won the victory to reunite the entire French-mandated territory, except Lebanon (which had become independent) and the Sanjak of Alexandretta, which was annexed to Turkey as the Hatay Province.

As a result of Syrian nationalist pressure, under the Franco-Syrian Treaty of 1936, Jabal al-Druze ceased to exist as an autonomous entity and was incorporated into Syria.

• Druze celebrating their independence in 1925

Governors

• Amir Salim Pasha al-Atrash (1 May 1921 – 15 September 1923)
• Trenga (provisional) (September 1923 – 6 March 1924)
• Gabriel Marie Victor Carbillet (6 March 1924 – 14 October 1925), provisional to 1 October 1924
• Sultan Pasha al-Atrash (18 July 1925 – 1 June 1927), chief of state; in dissidence
• Charles Andréa (15 October 1925 – 1927)
• Marie Joseph Léon Augustin Henry (1927)
• Abel Jean Ernest Clément-Grancourt (1927–1932)
• Claude-Gabriel-Renaud Massiet (3 February 1932 – 28 January 1934)
• Justin-Antoine Devicq (1934–1935)
• Pierre-Joseph-François Tarrit (1935 – 2 December 1936)

See also

• Druze in Syria
• Jaysh al-Muwahhideen

References

1. ^ "Phersu Atlas". content.phersu-atlas.com. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
2. ^ "11. French Syria (1919-1946)". uca.edu. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
3. E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume 2, page 301.
4. Jabal Druze: Heads of State: 1921–1936

External links

• Syria at WorldStatesmen.org.
• Map Archived 4 December 2012 at archive.today at unimaps.com.

v t e French Mandate of Syria
States	State of Syria State of Aleppo State of Damascus Al-Jazira Province Jabal Druze State Alawite State Sanjak of Alexandretta Greater Lebanon
Conflicts	1919 revolt Franco-Syrian War Battle of Maysalun Capture of Damascus Hananu Revolt 1925–1927 revolt Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa Capture of Salkhad Battle of al-Kafr Battle of al-Mazraa Battle of al-Musayfirah 1925 Hama uprising 1936 general strike Syria–Lebanon campaign Levant Crisis
Treaties	Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916) Paulet–Newcombe Agreement (1920) Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936)
People	Syrian Yusuf al-Azma Saleh al-Ali Ibrahim Hananu Hashim al-Atassi Mustafa Bey Barmada Shukri al-Quwatli Khalid al-Azm Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah Jamil Mardam Bey Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi Sultan al-Atrash Saadallah al-Jabiri Haqqi al-Azm Ayyash Al-Haj Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar French French High Commissioner Charles de Gaulle Henri Gouraud

v t e Druze
Beliefs	Al-Muwahhidūn/Mowahhid-Ahl at-Tawhīd Divine call Esotericism Reincarnation Taqiya Theophany Seven Durzi pillars Walayah
Important figures	Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana Hamza ibn Ali Shuaib Muhammad al-Darazī
Texts	Epistles of Wisdom (Rasa'il al-Hikma)
Holy places	Druze Khalwa Jabal al-Druze Khalwat al-Bayada Nabi Shu'ayb
Holy days	Al-Khidr Festival Eid Al Adha Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb
History	Wadi al-Taym Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305) Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty Ma'n dynasty Mount Lebanon Emirate 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) Battle of Ain Dara 1838 Druze Revolt 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate Hauran Druze Rebellion Jabal Druze State Mountain War Druze in Mandatory Palestine Jaysh al-Muwahhideen Qalb Loze massacre
Prophets	Adam Abraham Jesus Khidr Elijah John the Baptist Saint George Moses Muhammad Noah Salman the Persian
Relationship with other religions	Christianity and Druze Maronite-Druze dualism Islam and Druze Judaism and Druze Druze Zionism
Druze communities	Syrian Druze Lebanese Druze Israeli Druze Jordanian Druze Druze diaspora
Other Features	Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine Al-Atrash clan Sultan al-Atrash Alam al-Din dynasty Amin Tarif Druze Arabic dialect Druze cuisine Jumblatt family List of Druze List of Israeli Druze Majid Arslan Mowafaq Tarif Persecution of Druze
Religion portal Category

• French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
• Former countries in West Asia
• Former protectorates
• History of the Druze
• States and territories established in 1921
• States and territories disestablished in 1936
• Former countries of the interwar period
• 1936 disestablishments in Asia
• 1921 establishments in Asia
• Druze in Syria