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Statute of the International Court of Justice

Signed	26 June 1945 (1945-06-26)
Location	San Francisco, United States
Effective	24 October 1945
Signatories	50 states
Parties	193 states
Languages	Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish

The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the United Nations Charter, as specified by Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter, which established the International Court of Justice (replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice).

Structure

The Statute is divided into 5 chapters and consists of 70 articles. The Statute begins with Article 1 proclaiming:

"The international Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute."

— 

The 69 Articles are grouped in 5 Chapters:

• Chapter I: Organization of the Court (Articles 2 - 33)
• Chapter II: Competence of the Court (Articles 34 - 38)
• Chapter III: Procedure (Articles 39 - 64)
• Chapter IV: Advisory Opinions (Articles 65 - 68)
• Chapter V: Amendment (Articles 69 & 70)

Article 38.1 lists sources that the court may apply to decide a case, including: treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and (as subsidiary means) judicial decisions and academic writing. These sources are qualified by Article 59 which states that ICJ decisions are binding only to the parties in that case, and Article 38.2 which allows the court to decide a case ex aequo et bono if the parties agree thereto.

Parties to the Statute

All 193 UN member states are parties to the Statute by virtue of their ratification of the UN Charter. Under Article 93(2) of the UN Charter, states which are not a member of the UN may become a party to the Statute, subject to the recommendation of the United Nations Security Council and approval of the United Nations General Assembly.

As of 2025, neither the UN General Assembly non-member observer states, namely the State of Palestine and the Holy See, nor any other states are parties to the statute under these provisions. Switzerland (1948-2002), Liechtenstein (1950-1990), San Marino (1954-1992), Japan (1954-1956), and Nauru (1988-1999) were all parties to the Statute prior to becoming UN member states.

Additionally, states which are not party to the Statute can also make use of the court, under Article 35(2) of the Statute, if they make a declaration accepting the court's jurisdiction and to abide by its rulings. As of 2025, Palestine has made two such declarations for different disputes.

References

1. "States not members of the United Nations parties to the Statute". International Court of Justice. Retrieved 2025-01-05.
2. "Chapter I - Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice: 3 . Statute of the International Court of Justice". United Nations Treaty Series. 2013-07-09. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
3. Search here for "Art 93" to find a series of documents that list every non-UN member that became a party to the ICJ Statute.
4. "States not parties to the Statute to which the Court may be open". International Court of Justice. Retrieved 2025-01-05.

External links

• Statute of the International Court of Justice.
• Procedural history note and audiovisual material on the Statute of the International Court of Justice in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

v t e International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Legal texts	Statute Charter of the United Nations
Organisation	Judges (elections: 1946 1948 1951 1954 2011 2014 2017 2018 2020 2021 2022 2023)
Other	Jurisdiction List of cases

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