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Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

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System of classification of animals with emphasis on the invertebrates
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The biological systematics and taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification of invertebrates, as a way to classify animals without backbones.

Prokaryotes

Further information: Prokaryotes
  • Kingdom Eubacteria, also known as Bacteria – Domain of microorganisms
  • Kingdom Archaea, also known as Archaebacteria – Domain of organisms

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)

Further information: Eukaryotes
  • Kingdom Fungi – Biological kingdom, separate from plants and animals
  • Kingdom Plantae – Kingdom of photosynthetic eukaryotes (= Metaphyta)
  • Kingdom Protista – Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
  • Phylum Ciliophora – Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
  • Phylum Apicomplexa – Phylum of parasitic alveolates
  • Phylum Dinoflagellata – Unicellular algae with two flagella
  • Phylum Stramenopila – Clade of eukaryotesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
  • Phylum Rhizopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Actinopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Granuloreticulosa – Phylum of amoeboid protists
  • Phylum Diplomonadida – Group of mostly parasitic flagellates
  • Phylum Parabasilida – Group of flagellated protists
  • Phylum Cryptomonada – Group of algae and colorless flagellatesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
  • Phylum Microspora – Taxon of autotrophic fungus-like protists
  • Phylum Ascetospora – A group of eukaryotes that are parasites of animals
  • Phylum Choanoflagellata – Group of eukaryotes considered the closest living relatives of animals
  • Phylum Chlorophyta – Phylum of green algae
  • Phylum Opalinida – Small group of peculiar heterokonts, family Opalinidae, order Slopalinida
  • Incertae sedis: Genus Stephanopogon – Genus of flagellate marine protozoan

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)

Further information: Metazoa

Parazoa

Further information: Parazoa
Phylum Porifera

Mesozoa

Further information: Mesozoa
Phylum Placozoa
Phylum Monoblastozoa
Phylum Rhombozoa
Phylum Orthonectida

Eumetazoa

Further information: Eumetazoa
Radiata
Further information: Radiata
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Ctenophora
Bilateria
Further information: Bilateria

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

  • acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
  • blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
  • coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny, the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Kinorhyncha
Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
Phylum Nematomorpha
Phylum Priapula
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Loricifera
Phylum Cycliophora
Phylum Annelida
  • Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)
  • Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)
Phylum Sipuncula
Phylum Echiura
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Phoronida
Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
Phylum Brachiopoda
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Chaetognatha
Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Chordata

See also

References

  1. Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  2. Brusca, R. C.; Brusca, G. J. (2005). Invertebrados (2nd ed.). Madrid: McGraw-Hill-Interamericana. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  3. Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003), p. 875.
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