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Toshigami

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Shinto kami
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Toshigami
Harvest, grain
Other namesToshigami (大年神)
年神 or 歳神Japanese
Genealogy
Parents
SiblingsUkanomitama
Consorts
  • Ino-hime (伊怒比売)
  • Kaguyo-hime (香用比売)
  • Amechikarumizu-hime (天知迦流美豆比売)
OffspringOyamakui no Kami

Toshigami (年神 or 歳神, Toshigami or Tomo, lit. "year god"), also known as Ōtoshi-no-kami (大年神, lit. "great year god"), is a Japanese kami and a part of the Shinto pantheon.

Etymology

The 年 (nen) kanji originally meant "harvest", which became "year" over time as harvest happened once each year. Toshigami was therefore the god of abundant harvests, and specifically of grain or rice. The character 神 (kami) literally means "god" or "deity".

Mythology

Parentage and siblings

According to the Kojiki, Toshigami was the son of Susanoo and Kamuo Ichihime and the older brother of Ukanomitama.

Family

Toshigami had offspring through three different wives: Ino-hime (伊怒比売), Kaguyo-hime (香用比売), and Amechikarumizu-hime (天知迦流美豆比売). Through Ino-hime, his children include Ohokuni-mitama (大国御魂神), Kara-kami (韓神), Sofuri-kami (曾富理神), Shirahi-no-kami (白日神), and Hijiri-no-kami (聖神). His children by Kaguyo-hime include Ōkaguyama-tomi (大香山戸臣神) and Mitoshi-no-kami (御年神). With Amechikarumizu-hime, he had Okitsu-hiko-no-kami (奥津日子神), Okitsu-hime-no-mikoto (奥津比売命), Oyamakui-no-kami (大山咋神), Niwa-tsuhi-no-kami (庭津日神), Asuha-no-kami, Hahiki-no-kami, Kaguyama-tomi-no-kami (香山戸臣神), Hayamato-no-kami (羽山戸神), Niwataka-tsuhi-no-kami (庭高津日神), and Ōtsuchi-no-kami (大土神).

Family tree

Ōyamatsumi Susanoo
Kamuo Ichihime
Konohanachiru-himeAshinazuchiTenazuchiToshigamiUkanomitama
(Inari)
Oyamakui
Kushinadahime
Yashimajinumi
Kagutsuchi
Kuraokami
Hikawahime [ja]Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu [ja]
Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana [ja]Ame-no-Tsudoechine [ja]Funozuno [ja]
Sashikuni Okami [ja]OmizunuFutemimi [ja]
Sashikuni Wakahime [ja]Ame-no-FuyukinuTakamimusubi
Futodama
Nunakawahime Ōkuninushi
(Ōnamuchi)		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto
Kotoshironushi Tamakushi-hime Takeminakata Susa Clan

JAPANESE
EMPERORS
711–585 BC

Jimmu
660–585 BC 		Himetataraisuzu-himeKamo no OkimiMirahime [ja]
632–549 BC

Suizei
581–549 BC		 Isuzuyori-hime Hikoyai Kamuyaimimi
d.577 BC		Miwa clan and Kamo clan Nunasokonakatsu-hime
Imperial House of JapanŌ clan and Aso clan
  • Pink is female.
  • Blue is male.
  • Grey means other or unknown.
  • Clans, families, people groups are in green.

See also

References

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  2. ^ 大年神 [Ōtoshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  3. 国安洋 (October 1989). 平安時代の「遊び」:「古今和歌集」をめぐって [Playing in the Heian Period: Disputing the "Kokin Wakashū"]. 横浜国立大学人文紀要 第一類 哲学・社会科学 (in Japanese). 35. Yokohama National University: 129–140. ISSN 0513-5621. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023.
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  7. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.—The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-of-the-Great-Land.
  8. Atsushi, Kadoya (10 May 2005). "Susanoo". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  9. "Susanoo | Description & Mythology". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  10. ^ Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge Library Editions: Japan. Taylor & Francis. p. 402. ISBN 978-1-136-90376-2. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  11. ^ 大年神 [Ōtoshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  12. ^ 大年神 [Ōtoshi-no-kami] (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  13. ^ Mori, Mizue. "Yashimajinumi". Kokugakuin University Encyclopedia of Shinto.
  14. Frédéric, L.; Louis-Frédéric; Roth, K. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press reference library. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  15. ^ "My Shinto: Personal Descriptions of Japanese Religion and Culture". www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  16. “‘My Own Inari’: Personalization of the Deity in Inari Worship.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 23, no. 1/2 (1996): 87-88
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  19. "Kagutsuchi". World History Encyclopedia.
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  21. Chamberlain, B.H. (2012). Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters. Tuttle Classics. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4629-0511-9. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  22. Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. p. 92.
  23. Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.—The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-Of-The-Great Land.
  24. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (2014-06-03). Studies In Shinto & Shrines. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-89294-3.
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  26. Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. pp. 104–112.
  27. Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  28. Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  29. ^ The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
  30. ^ Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780231049405.
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  32. Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 巻第四), in Keizai Zasshisha, ed. (1898). Kokushi-taikei, vol. 7 (国史大系 第7巻). Keizai Zasshisha. pp. 243–244.
  33. Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
  34. Tanigawa Ken'ichi [de] 『日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新装復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
  35. ^ Kazuhiko, Nishioka (26 April 2005). "Isukeyorihime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  36. ^ 『神話の中のヒメたち　もうひとつの古事記』p94-97「初代皇后は「神の御子」」
  37. ^ 日本人名大辞典+Plus, デジタル版. "日子八井命とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  38. ^ ANDASSOVA, Maral (2019). "Emperor Jinmu in the Kojiki". Japan Review (32): 5–16. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 26652947.
  39. ^ "Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori-machi or Japan". trips.klarna.com. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  40. 『図説　歴代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
  41. Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
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  44. Takano, Tomoaki; Uchimura, Hiroaki (2006). History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine. Aso Shrine, Ichinomiya, Aso City.: Aso Shrine.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of toshigami at Wiktionary
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