Trigeminal trophic syndrome

Medical condition

Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Other names	Trigeminal trophic lesion

Specialty	Dermatology

Trigeminal trophic syndrome is a rare disease caused by the interruption of peripheral or central sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve. A slowly enlarging, uninflamed ulcer can occur in the area that has had trigeminal nerve damage; including but not limited to the cheek beside the ala nasi.

Signs and symptoms

The most common complaints are feelings of picking, rubbing, or scratching in the afflicted areas. A nonhealing ulcer is present in most patients. The ala nasi is frequently affected by a recognizable, painless, sickle-shaped lesion with a well-defined margin. The ulcers are incredibly persistent once they start.

Causes

Trigeminal trophic syndrome can present with the following conditions and diseases: syphilis, amyloid deposits in the CNS and trigeminal nerve, trauma, craniotomy, tumor, Wallenberg syndrome (stroke/vascular insufficiency), herpes zoster, herpes simplex, syphilis, and neurological complications from birth trauma or it can be idiopathic.

Treatment

Treating trigeminal trophic syndrome is a difficult task. Among the options are transcutaneous nerve stimulation, protective dressings, behavioral modification, medication intervention, and surgical repair; however, none of these have been proven to be consistently effective.

Epidemiology

Sixty cases were reported from 1982 to 2002. Trigeminal trophic syndrome is more common in women as compared to men.

References

James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
Kumar, Parimalam; Thomas, Jayakar (2014). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 59 (1). Medknow: 75–76. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.123506. ISSN 0019-5154. PMC 3884933. PMID 24470665.
^ Nayak, ChitraS; Pereira, RicksonR; Mishra, SunilN; Deshpande, DeepalJ (2011). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A rare entity". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 77 (6). Scientific Scholar: 729. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.86501. ISSN 0378-6323. PMID 22016290.
Sadeghi, P.; Papay, FA.; Vidimos, AT. (May 2004). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome--report of four cases and review of the literature". Dermatol Surg. 30 (5): 807–12, discussion 812. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30220.x. PMID 15099331. S2CID 6573549.
Weintraub, Eileen; Soltani, Keyoumars; Hekmatpanah, Javad; Lorincz, Allan L. (1982). "Trigerninal trophic syndrome". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 6 (1). Elsevier BV: 52–57. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)80200-4. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 7085956.

External links

DermNet

Classification	D ICD-11: ED30.0 DiseasesDB: 34891 SNOMED CT: 403602005
External resources	NORD: trigeminal-trophic-syndrome Scholia: Q7841676

v t e Neurotrauma
Traumatic brain injury	Intracranial hemorrhage Intra-axial Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Extra-axial Subdural hematoma Epidural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Brain herniation Cerebral contusion Cerebral laceration Concussion Post-concussion syndrome Second-impact syndrome Dementia pugilistica Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Diffuse axonal injury Abusive head trauma Penetrating head injury
Spinal cord injury	Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brown-Séquard syndrome Cauda equina syndrome Central cord syndrome Paraplegia Posterior cord syndrome Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia)
Peripheral nerves	Nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury classification Wallerian degeneration Injury of accessory nerve Brachial plexus injury Traumatic neuroma

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