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Tumak language

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Chadic language spoken in Chad
Tumak
Native toChad
RegionSouthwest
Native speakers(25,000 cited 1993 census)
Language familyAfro-Asiatic
Dialects
  • Tumak
  • Motun
  • Mawer
Language codes
ISO 639-3tmc
Glottologtuma1260

Tumak, also known as Toumak, Tumag, Tummok, Sara Toumak, Tumac, and Dije, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Moyen-Chari and Koumra. Motun (Mod) and Tumak dialects have a lexical similarity of only 70%; Blench (2006) lists Tumak, Motun, and Mawer as separate languages. Most Motun speakers use some Sara.

The "Gulei" listed in Greenberg might be a dialect of Tumak.

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d dʒ k g
Prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ⁿdʒ ᵑg
Implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative s h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w r, ɽ, l j
Vowels
Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid-high e eː ə əː o oː
Mid-low ɛ ɔ ɔː
Low a aː

Tumak also has two tones; high and low.

References

  1. ^ Tumak at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
  3. Chadic Newsletter
  4. ^ Caprile, Jean-Pierre (1975). "Lexique tumak-français (Tchad)". Marburger Studien zur Afrika- und Asienkunde. A (in French). 5.
East Chadic languages
East Chadic (A)
Sibine (A.1.1)
Miltu (A.1.2)
Nancere (A.2.1)
Gabri (A.2.2)
Kwang (A.3)
East Chadic (B)
Dangla (B.1.1)
Mubi (B.1.2)
Sokoro (B.3)
Barain (B.4)
Others
Italics indicate extinct languages. See also: Chadic languages


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