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Vaccination schedule

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(Redirected from Vaccine schedule) Series of vaccinations See also: Vaccination policy § By country
Example Polish call for vaccination against Diphtheria and Tetanus.
Global vaccination coverage 1980 to 2019 among one year olds

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen. Vaccines go through multiple phases of trials to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years. Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease. In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing only $25. This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.

Worldwide

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures. The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states. Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.

Vaccines used for each infection in each country
Country Required for school Required for welfare Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Haemophilus influenzae Polio Measles Rubella Mumps Chickenpox Shingles Meningococcal Influenza Pneumococcal Encephalitis Cholera Human Papilloma Virus Japanese Encephalitis Rabies Rotavirus Tuberculosis Typhoid Fever Yellow fever Sources
 Afghanistan DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG
 Albania DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV RV BCG
 Algeria DTwPHib MMR IIV PCV BCG
 Andorra MMR IIV PCV HPV
 Angola DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG YF
 Antigua and Barbuda DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV YF
 Argentina Yes HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF
 Armenia HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG
 Australia Preschool and daycare in NSW, Vic and WA Yes HepA HepB DTaP Hib MMRV IIV HPV RV
 Austria No HepA HepB Tdap IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV
 Azerbaijan DTwPHibHepB MMR PCV BCG
 Bahamas HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV YF
 Bahrain HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV Chol HPV RV BCG YF
 Bangladesh DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV BCG
 Barbados HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Belarus HepB Hib MMR IIV PCV BCG
 Belgium Nurseries and daycare HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV
 Belize DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV HPV Rab BCG YF
 Benin DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV BCG YF
 Bhutan DTwPHibHepB MMR HPV BCG
 Bolivia DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Bosnia and Herzegovina HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV BCG YF
 Botswana DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Brazil No Yes HepA DTwPHibHepB MMRV IIV PCV Chol HPV RV BCG YF
 Brunei HepB DTap Hib IPV MR IIV HPV BCG
 Bulgaria HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG
 Burkina Faso DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG YF
 Burundi DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Cape Verde DTwPHibHepB MMR HPV BCG YF
 Cambodia DTwPHibHepB MR HPV JE BCG
 Cameroon DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Canada In New Brunswick and Ontario HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Central African Republic HepB Hib PCV RV BCG YF
 Chad DTwPHibHepB BCG YF
 Chile HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 China HepA HepB DTaP JE BCG
 Colombia HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF
 Comoros DTwPHibHepB PCV BCG
 Congo DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG YF
 Cook Islands DTaPHibHepB MR HPV BCG
 Costa Rica HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG
 Ivory Coast DTwPHibHepB MR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Croatia Nurseries, preschools and kindergartens HepB DTaP MMR IIV HPV BCG
 Cuba DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV BCG
 Cyprus HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Czech Republic HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV HPV BCG
 North Korea DTwPHibHepB BCG
 DR Congo DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG YF
 Denmark No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV
 Djibouti HepB Hib PCV RV BCG
 Dominica HepB Hib MMR IIV HPV BCG YF
 Dominican Republic HepB Hib MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF
 Ecuador DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Egypt DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV BCG YF
 El Salvador DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF
 Equatorial Guinea DTwPHibHepB BCG YF
 Eritrea DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Estonia No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV HPV RV BCG
 Eswatini DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Ethiopia DTwPHibHepB PCV HPV RV BCG
 Fiji DTwPHibHepB MR HPV RV BCG
 Finland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV TBE HPV RV BCG
 France Yes HepB DTaP MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Gabon DTwPHibHepB BCG YF
 Gambia DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Georgia HepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Germany No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV
 Ghana HepB Hib MR PCV RV BCG YF
 Greece HepA HepB DTaP MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Grenada DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV HPV YF
 Guatemala DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Guinea DTwPHibHepB BCG YF
 Guinea-Bissau DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG YF
 Guyana DTwPHibHepB MMR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Haiti DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG
 Honduras HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Hong Kong HepB DTaP IPV MMR PCV HPV BCG
 Hungary No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG
 Iceland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV
 India DTwPHibHepB MR JE RV BCG
 Indonesia DTwPHibHepB MR HPV JE BCG
MMR
 Iran DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV BCG YF
 Iraq HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV RV BCG
 Ireland No HepB TDaP MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Israel HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV TBE HPV JE RV BCG TF YF
 Italy Yes HepA DTaPHepBIPVHib MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Jamaica HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Japan No HepB DTap Hib IPV MR IIV HPV JE BCG
 Jordan HepB Hib MMR IIV RV BCG
 Kazakhstan HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV TBE Rab BCG
 Kenya DTwPHibHepB MR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Kiribati DTwPHibHepB MR IIV RV BCG
 Kuwait HepA DTwPHibHepB MMRV IIV PCV RV BCG TF YF
 Kyrgyzstan DTwPHibHepB MMR PCV RV BCG
 Laos DTwPHibHepB MR IIV HPV JE RV BCG
 Latvia No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV TBE HPV Rab RV BCG
 Lebanon DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV
 Lesotho DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG YF
 Liberia DTwPHibHepB PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Libya HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Lithuania No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG
 Luxembourg DTaPHibIPV MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV TF YF
 Madagascar DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG
 Malawi DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Malaysia HepB DTaPHibIPV MR IIV HPV JE BCG YF
 Maldives DTwPHibHepB MR HPV BCG YF
 Mali DTwPHibHepB PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Malta HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG
 Marshall Islands DTaPHepBIPV MR IIV HPV RV BCG
 Mauritania DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Mauritius HepA HepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Mexico HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Micronesia DTaPHepBIPV MR HPV RV BCG
 Monaco HepB Hib MMR IIV PCV HPV
 Mongolia HepA DTwPHibHepB MR IIV BCG
 Montenegro HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV BCG
 Morocco DTwPHibHepB MR IIV PCV RV BCG
 Mozambique DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG
 Myanmar DTwPHibHepB MR JE BCG
 Namibia DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG
 Nauru DTwPHibHepB MR BCG
 Nepal DTwPHibHepB MR JE BCG
 Netherlands No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV
 New Zealand HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV HPV RV BCG
 Nicaragua DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF
 Niger DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG YF
 Nigeria DTwPHibHepB PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Niue DTwPHepBIPV MR IIV RV BCG
 North Macedonia HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV HPV BCG
 Norway No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Oman DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV BCG TF YF
 Pakistan DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG
 Palau DTaPHepBIPV MR IIV HPV RV
 Panama HepA HepB DTwPHib MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG YF
 Papua New Guinea DTwPHibHepB MR HPV BCG
 Paraguay HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Peru DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Philippines DTwPHibHepB MR IIV HPV BCG
 Poland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV Rab BCG
 Portugal No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab BCG YF
 Qatar HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV RV BCG
 South Korea HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MR IIV HPV JE BCG TF
 Moldova DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Romania No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF
 Russia No HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Rwanda DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Saint Kitts and Nevis DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV HPV BCG YF
 Saint Lucia DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines DTwPHibHepB MMR HPV BCG YF
 Samoa DTwPHibHepB MR BCG
 San Marino HepA HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV Chol HPV JE Rab YF
 São Tomé and Príncipe DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Saudi Arabia HepA HepB DTaPHib MMR IIV PCV RV BCG YF
 Senegal DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Serbia HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV BCG TF YF
 Seychelles DTwPHibHepB MMR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Sierra Leone DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Singapore HepB DTaPHibIPV MR IIV HPV BCG
 Slovakia No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV
 Slovenia No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV TBE HPV Rab BCG
 Solomon Islands DTwPHibHepB MR HPV BCG
 Somalia DTwPHibHepB BCG
 South Africa No HepB IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 South Sudan DTwPHibHepB BCG
 Spain No HepA HepB TDaP MMRV IIV PCV Chol HPV JE YF
 Sri Lanka DTwPHibHepB MR HPV JE BCG YF
 Sudan DTwPHibHepB PCV RV BCG
 Suriname DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV HPV Rab YF
 Sweden No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Switzerland No HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV HPV
 Syria DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV BCG
 Tajikistan DTwPHibHepB MR IIV RV BCG
 Tanzania DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Thailand HepB MR IIV HPV JE RV BCG
 East Timor DTwPHibHepB MR RV BCG
 Togo DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF
 Tonga DTwPHibHepB MR HPV RV BCG
 Trinidad and Tobago DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV YF
 Tunisia HepA DTwPHibHepB MR IIV BCG
 Turkey HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR IIV PCV BCG
 Turkmenistan HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG
 Tuvalu DTwPHibHepB MR IIV BCG
 Uganda DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
 Ukraine Yes DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV BCG
 United Arab Emirates HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV Chol RV BCG YF
 United Kingdom No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG
 United States Yes HepA DTaPHepBIPV MMRV IIV PCV HPV RV
 Uruguay HepA DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV HPV BCG YF
 Uzbekistan DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV RV BCG
 Vanuatu DTwPHibHepB MR HPV BCG
 Venezuela DTwPHibHepB MMR IIV PCV Rab RV BCG YF
 Vietnam DTwPHibHepB MR IIV JE BCG
 Yemen DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG
 Zambia DTwPHibHepB MR PCV RV BCG
 Zimbabwe DTwPHibHepB MR PCV HPV RV BCG
  Mandatory to all   Mandatory to specific people   Recommended to all   Recommended to specific people   Neither mandatory nor recommended to anyone
  1. Category B (i.e. not even recommended but for a personal care only) for the elderly. The public insurance partially covers the vaccination cost.


By country

Australia

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

Vaccine Schedule for Australia: 1 April 2019
Infection Birth Months Years Preg
Women
2 4 6 12 18 4 12–<13 14–<16 >15 >50 65+ 70
Rotavirus RV RV
Hepatitis A HepA§ HepA§
Hepatitis B HepB DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib
Diphtheria Tdap Tdap
Pertussis
Tetanus
Polio DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningococcus MenACWY MenACWY MenACWY MenACWY
Pneumococcus PCV13 PCV13 PCV13# PCV13 PCV13
PCV13§
PPSV23# PPSV23 PPSV23§ PPSV23
Measles MMR MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Human papillomavirus HPV x2† HPV x2‡
Influenza IIV (yearly)† IIV (yearly)†
IIV (yearly)#
IIV (yearly)§
Herpes Zoster ZVL
  •   † Recommended ages for everyone.
  •   # Recommended ages for certain other high-risk groups.
  •   ‡ Recommended ages for catch-up immunization.
  •   § Recommended range of additional vaccinations for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.
  1. ^ Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia
  2. ^ All people aged less than 20 years are eligible for free catch up vaccines.

Austria

Austrian vaccine recommendations are developed by the National Vaccination Board (German: Nationales Impfgremium), which is part of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection.

Children aged 14 and older can be vaccinated without parental consent.

Brazil

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services.

Brazilian National Vaccination Schedule: 2019
Infection Gestation Birth Months Years
2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 4 5 9 11 10–59 60+
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepB 5V 5V 5V
Diphtheria DTPa DTP DTP dT
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio IPV IPV IPV OPV OPV
Pneumococcus 10v 10v 10v
Meningococcus MenC MenC MenC MenC
Rotavirus RV RV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Yellow fever YF
Human papillomavirus HPV x2 (girls) HPV x2 (boys)
Flu IIV IIV (yearly) IIV (yearly)

Canada

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta

Alberta Vaccine Schedule: 2015
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenC MenC MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV HPV (boys)
Flu IIV (yearly)

British Columbia

British Columbia Vaccine Schedule: 2015
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCCV MenCCV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick

New Brunswick Vaccine Schedule: 2015
Infection Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenCCV MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

Ontario

Ontario Vaccine Schedule: 2017
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 15 18 4 10–13 15–17
Hepatitis B HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV13 PCV13 PCV13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenC MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Quebec

Quebec Vaccine Schedule: 2019
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4–6 9 14–16 Adult 50 65 75
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap Tdap Tdap Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV10 PCV10 PCV10 PPV23
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCC MenCC
Human papillomavirus HPV
Flu IIV IIV IIV IIV (yearly)

Finland

Vaccination Schedule for Finland
Infection Birth Months Years
2 3 5 6 12 18 3 4 6 11–12 14–15 25 65+
Tuberculosis BCG
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap Td (10‑yearly)
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB
Hepatitis B HepB
Pneumococcus PCV10 PCV10 PCV10 PCV13 + PPSV23
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Human papillomavirus HPV
Influenza IIV3 IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis TBE
  1. For specific at risk-groups only (to be given at the earliest age))
  2. Thereafter Td booster every 10 years with or without vaccination against poliomyelitis (IPV) in case of travel to endemic areas and when previous IPV dose was given more than 5 years before
  3. Recommended but not free of charge for those over 65 years.
  4. Vaccination can be given from 6 months of age in case of travel abroad. If vaccination starts before 12 months of age, 2 doses are recommended (14–18 months and 6 years) The temporary recommendation of giving measles at 12 months of age was made a permanent recommendation; ie. now MMR should be given from 12–18 months except if travelling abroad to measles infected countries when it can be given from 6 months on. In case MMR is given at 6–11 months, the child needs a second and third dose to complete the series.
  5. Varicella vaccination implemented from 1 September 2017. Catch-up to all those born on 1 January 2006 or after and with no history of varicella.
  6. One or two doses administered depending on previous influenza vaccination history. Annual vaccination. IIV tri-or quadrivalent used as follows: IIV3 for all those 6–35 months. IIV4 with nonpreferential alternative to all those 24–35 months. IIV3 also recommended to medical risk group children from 36 months up.
  7. TBE vaccination for to those living permanently on the island of Åland
History
1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.
1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.
1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.
1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.
2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)
2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).
2013: HPV vaccination of girls introduced
2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 September 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 January 2006 or after with no history of varicella.
2020: HPV vaccination of boys introduced

France

Vaccination Schedule for France
Infection Months Years
0 1 2 4 6 11 12 13 15 16–18 23 2 5 6 11–13 25 45 65+
Tuberculosis BCG BCG#
Diphtheria D D D D D d
Tetanus TT TT TT TT TT
Pertussis acP acP acP acP acp
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae Hib Hib Hib
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB HepB HepB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV
Meningococcus MenC
Measles MEAS MEAS
Mumps MUMPS MUMPS
Rubella RUMBE RUMBE
Human papillomavirus HPV
Influenza TIV
Herpes Zoster HZ
  † General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

Germany

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

Vaccination Schedule for Germany
Infection Weeks Months Years
6 2 3 4 11 12 14 15 23 2 5–6 9 14 15 17 18–45 59 >60
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria D D D D D d d d d
Tetanus TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT
Pertussis acP acP acP acP acP acP acp acp acp
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae Hib Hib Hib Hib Hib Hib
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB HepB HepB HepB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PCV PCV Pnc# PPSV23
Meningococcus MenC MenC
Measles MEAS MEAS MEAS MEAS#
Mumps MUMPS MUMPS MUMPS
Rubella RUMBE RUMBE RUMBE
Varicella VAR VAR VAR
Human papillomavirus HPV HPV
Influenza TIV
Tick-borne Encephalitis TBE#
  † General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

Hong Kong

Main article: Immunisation Programme in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

India

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP). The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.

IAP Immunization Timetable: 2016
Infection Birth Months Years
1.5 2.5 3.5 6 9 9-12 12 15 16-18 18 2 4–6 10–12
Tuberculosis BCG
Polio OPV OPV OPV OPV
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria DTwP DTwP DTwP DTwP DTwP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PCV
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Typhoid TCV TCV
Hepatitis A HepA HepA
Varicella VV VV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Italy

Vaccination Schedule for Italy
Infection Birth Months Years
3 5–6 11 13 15 5–6 11–18 65+
Diphtheria D D D D d
Tetanus TT TT TT TT TT
Pertussis acP acP acP acP acp
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae Hib Hib Hib
Hepatitis B HepB# HepB HepB HepB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV
Meningococcus MenC MenC
Measles MEAS MEAS MEAS
Mumps MUMPS MUMPS MUMPS
Rubella RUMBE RUMBE RUMBE
Varicella VAR
Human papillomavirus HPV
Influenza TIV
  † General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

Japan

The vaccination schedule in Japan is defined and partially recommended by Immunization Act [ja] (Japanese: 予防接種法) and its related cabinet order [ja] (Japanese: 予防接種法施行令). By the combined laws, infections are categorized into two groups: Category A is recommended for vaccination to prevent pandemic whereas Category B is only for a personal care purpose. As of January 2020, fourteen infections are Category A diseases and two are Category B on the legal lists. The Act and the Order were enacted for mandatory vaccination in 1948 with punitive clauses, only the clauses were repealed in 1976 and eventually vaccination has become non-mandatory since 1994.

Japan Vaccine Schedule: January 2020
Infection Act/
Order
(Category)
Birth Months Years
2 3 6 12 24 36 60 ≧5 7> 7.5
(90 mo)
9 11 12 13> 16 60–64
& 65+
Diphtheria Act (A) DTaP-IPV DT
Tetanus Act (A)
Pertussis Act (A)
Polio Act (A)
Measles Act (A) MR (1st) MR (2nd)
Rubella Act (A)
Japanese encephalitis Act (A) Japanese encephalitis (1st) Japanese encephalitis (2nd)
Tuberculosis Act (A) BCG
Haemophilus influenzae Act (A) Hib
Pneumococcus Act (A) Pneumococcal
Order (B) Pneumococcal
Human papillomavirus Act (A) HPV vaccine
Smallpox Order (A) Not specified by the act or the order
Varicella Order (A) Varicella
Hepatitis B Order (A) Hep B
Influenza Order (B) Flu
  1. ^ Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの".
  2. ^ HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子").
  3. Age 60–64 with certain diseases: heart, kidney or respitory failures, or with an immune-related disorder due to HIV infection.

Only in the legal term in Japan, citizens get old one day before their birthdays. If a person was born on January 1, 2020, and Immunization Act specifies vaccine against measles could be received from age 12 months to 24 months, vaccination shall be practiced between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (not between January 2021 and January 2022.) Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan. As explained, those who born on April 1 and on April 2 get old legally on March 31 and April 1, respectively. Thus, these two people are in different school years and thereby they may take vaccines in different calendar years.

Legal age counting system in Japan
Recipients Birth Months Years
2 3 6 12 24 36 60 ≧5 7> 7.5
(90 mo)
9 11 12 13> 16
Person A Dec 31, 2019 Feb 29, 2020 Mar 30, 2020 Jun 30, 2020 Dec 30, 2020 Dec 30, 2021 Dec 30, 2022 Dec 30, 2024 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Jun 30, 2027 Dec 30, 2028 Dec 30, 2030 Apr 1, 2031 Dec 29, 2032 Mar 31, 2036
Person B Jan 1, 2020 Feb 29, 2020 Mar 31, 2020 Jun 30, 2020 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2024 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Jun 30, 2027 Dec 31, 2028 Dec 31, 2030 Apr 1, 2031 Dec 30, 2032 Mar 31, 2036
Person C Apr 1, 2020 May 31, 2020 Jun 31, 2020 Sep 30, 2020 Mar 31, 2021 Mar 31, 2022 Mar 31, 2023 Mar 31, 2025 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Sep 30, 2027 Mar 31, 2029 Mar 31, 2031 Apr 1, 2031 Mar 30, 2033 Mar 31, 2036
Person D Apr 2, 2020 Jun 1, 2020 Jul 1, 2020 Oct 1, 2020 Apr 1, 2021 Apr 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2023 Apr 1, 2025 Apr 1, 2026 Mar 31, 2027 Oct 1, 2027 Apr 1, 2029 Apr 1, 2031 Apr 1, 2032 Mar 31, 2033 Mar 31, 2037
  1. ^ Vaccines for measles and rubella (MR vaccine) can be received anytime from 5 y/o before 7 y/o, AND the time should be also between one year and one day before the first day of schooling (quote: "五歳以上七歳未満の者であって、小学校就学の始期に達する日の一年前の日から当該始期に達する日の前日までの間にあるもの".
  2. ^ HPV for female students only. Vaccination can be started from the first day of school year within she turns 12, and until the last day of school year within she turns 16 (quote: "十二歳となる日の属する年度の初日から十六歳となる日の属する年度の末日までの間にある女子").
  3. ^ Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2026
  4. ^ 2020 is a leap year. Person B socially turns 2 months old on March 1, 2004. In the legal term, however, Person B's 2-month birthday is the day before March 1, 2004. Thus, It shall be February 29, 2004. There are no February 30 or 31 in 2020. As a result Person A and Person B have the same 2-month birthday.
  5. Starts elementary schooling from April 1, 2027


New Zealand

New Zealand Immunization Schedule: 1 October 2020
Infection Gestation Weeks Months Years
6 3 5 12 15 4 11–12 45 65+
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria Tdap DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-IPV Tdap Tdap Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae Hib
Pneumococcus PCV10 PCV10 PCV10
Measles MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV VV
Human papillomavirus HPV9
Herpes Zoster HZ
Influenza IIV IIV (yearly)
  1. Only if the person has not previously received the varicella vaccine or had a varicella infection
History

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:

1958: First Schedule: DTwP and DT
1961: Polio (OPV) added
1971: Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added
1979: Rubella changed to girls only
1988: HepB added
1990: MMR replaced measles and rubella
1994: HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid
1996: DT dropped
1997: Influenza added
2000: DTaP replaced DTwP
2002: IPV replaced OPV
2006: MeNZB and Tdap added
2008: MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only
2011: PCV10 replaced PCV7
2014: RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10
2017: HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added.
2018: HZ added.
2020: Td dropped.

Nigeria

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Nigerian National Vaccination Schedule:
Infection Birth Months Years
2 3 4 6 9 18 4 5
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis B HepB 5V 5V 5V
Diphtheria DTP
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio OPV OPV OPV OPV OPV OPV
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PCV
Meningococcus MCV MCV
Yellow fever YF

Spain

Vaccination Schedule for Spain
Infection Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 3–4 6 12 14 65+
Diphtheria D D D D d d d
Tetanus TT TT TT TT TT TT TT
Pertussis acP acP acP acP acp
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae Hib Hib Hib Hib
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PPSV23
Meningococcus MenC MenC MenC
Measles MEAS MEAS
Mumps MUMPS MUMPS
Rubella RUMBE RUMBE
Varicella VAR
Human papillomavirus HPV
Influenza TIV
  † General Recommendation   # Recommended for specific groups only.   ‡ Catch-up

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

United Kingdom Vaccine Schedule: 2020
Infection Months Years
2 3 4 12 2–10 3–4 12–13 13–15 16–18
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Td
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Meningococcus MenB MenB MenB/C MenACWY
Rotavirus RV RV
Pneumococcus PCV PCV
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Measles MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Influenza LAIV
HPV HPVx2

Non-routine vaccinations

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

  • BCG vaccine is given at birth to "children born in areas of the country where there are high numbers of TB cases" and "children whose parents or grandparents were born in a country with many cases of TB."
  • Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to "babies born to mothers who have hepatitis B".
  • The injected flu vaccine is offered annually to "children 6 months to 17 years old with long-term health conditions".

Adult vaccinations

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years. Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly. Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers. The shingles vaccine is recommended for those over 70. Additionally, pregnant women are advised to have the pertussis vaccine.

United States

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.

Vaccine Schedule for the United States: 2020
Infection Birth Months Years
1 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 19–23 2–3 4–6 7–10 11–12 13–15 16 17–18 19–26 27–49 50–64 65+
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB HepB HepB HepB x2–3#
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap Tdap Tdap Td or Tdap (every 10 years)†
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae Hib Hib Hib Hib Hib Hib Hib# Hib x1–3#
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Pneumococcus PCV13 PCV13 PCV13 PCV13 PCV13 PCV13 PCV13# PCV13# PCV13§
PPSV23# PPSV23 x1–2# PPSV23
Influenza IIV (yearly)† IIV or LAIV (yearly)†
Measles MMR# MMR MMR MMR MMR MMR x1–2‡
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VAR VAR VAR VAR VAR x1–2‡ VAR 2x#
Hepatitis A HepA# HepA x2† HepA HepA x2–3#
Meningococcus MenACWY# MenACWY MenACWY MenACWY MenACWY MenACWY x1–2#
MenB x2–3#
MenB§
Human papillomavirus HPV# HPV x2–3† HPV HPV HPV§
Herpes Zoster RZV or ZVL
  •   † Range of recommended ages for everyone. See references for more details.
  •   # Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups. See references for more details.
  •   ‡ Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection).
  •   § Recommended vaccination based on shared clinical decision-making.
  1. CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.

During pregnancy

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.

History

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age. Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor. The use of combination vaccine products means that, as of 2013, the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of nine injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.

See also

References

  1. "Global vaccination coverage". Our World in Data. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  2. "What Is a Vaccine". NIAID. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  3. "Tetanus: Prevention". Mayo Clinic. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  4. ^ "History of Vaccine Schedule | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia". Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  5. Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007
  6. State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)
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  11. ^ "Vaccine Scheduler | ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
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  15. ^ "予防接種法施行令(昭和二十三年政令第百九十七号)第1条: 政令で定めるA類疾病、第1条の2: 政令で定めるB類疾病、第1条の3: 市町村長が予防接種を行う疾病及びその対象者" [Immunization Act Implementation Order (Law number: Order No. 197 of 1948) | Article 1: Category A diseases under the Order; Article 1-2: Category B diseases under the Order; Article 1-3: vaccine recipients and vaccination schedule under city mayors' initiatives]. e-Gov Law Database (in Japanese). Administrative Management Bureau, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2020-02-24. 平成三十年政令第百六号改正、2018年4月1日施行分 (version information: Amendment of Order No. 106 of 2018)
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External links

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