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Mohammed Burhanuddin (6 March 1915 – 17 January 2014) was the 52nd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq of Dawoodi Bohras. He led the community for 49 years in a period of social, economic, and educational prosperity; substantially strengthened and re-institutionalized the fundamental core of the community's faith and emphatically revived its culture, tradition, and heritage. In successfully achieving harmonious coexistence of traditional Islamic values and modern Western practices within the community, Burhanuddin completed the work his predecessor Taher Saifuddin had started in the face of modernist onslaught. Burhanuddin was presented the highest national civilian honors of the states of Egypt and Jordan recognising his revivalism and restoration efforts. He was conferred with doctorate in Islamic Sciences by Al Azhar University, doctorate in Theology by Aligarh Muslim University, and doctorate in Literature by University of Karachi. He was known in Arab countries as Azamat us-Sultan (lit. 'the Great Sovereign'). Owing to extensive travels for community reachout, he was the first Dā'ī al-Mutlaq to visit Europe, Australia, and America.

Life

Early life

Burhanuddin was born to Taher Saifuddin and Husaina Aaisaheba in Surat in the Indian state of Gujarat.

Burhanuddin, taught by his father, completed his religious education at the age of 13. Following Burhanuddin's mīthāq (oath) in Surat, aged 15, he was appointed Amir al-Hajj (Template:Lang-ar), was conferred the title of Shaykh (Template:Lang-ar), and bestowed the laqab of Burhan al-Din (Template:Lang-ar) by his father, Taher Saifuddin.

On his 17th birthday, Burhanuddin was promoted to the rank of Haddiyah (lit. 'a high rank') and made in charge of Alvazaratus Saifiyah, the central administrative body of the community. At age 19, Taher Saifuddin designated him as his successor to the office of the Dai al-Mutlaq (Template:Lang-ar), and subsequently elevated him to the station of Mazoon al-Da'wat (Template:Lang-ar), making him his second-in-command. By age 20, Burhanuddin had committed the entire Quran to memory.

Marriage and family

Burhanuddin married Amatullah Aaisaheba in 1937 in Surat. The city and the Iwan (lit. 'hall') of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, the main venue of the celebrations, were decorated heavily. Taher Saifuddin extended an open invitation to all community members to attend the ceremonies, and had also invited distinguished dignitaries and government officials.

Burhanuddin and Amatullah had 10 children, seven sons and three daughters.

Al-Dai al-Mutlaq

After the demise of his father, Taher Saifuddin on the 12th of November 1965, Mohammed Burhanuddin presided over a 40 day mourning period and assumed the office of his predecessor. He chose the burial place of his father to be Qasre Husaini (Raudat Tahera), the site where the shrines of Imam Ali and Imam Husain were fabricated.

Centenary

In 2011/1432 Hijri, Burhanuddin, celebrated his centenary in accordance with the Islamic calendar. A mega procession was organised in Mumbai that started from MG Road to Azam Campus Grounds (the route is popularly known as Marine Drive) involving 8,000 participants. Followers were dressed in golden robes traversing on horses or upon chariots. Various floats were a part of the parade displaying a variety of accomplishments during Burhanuddin’s tenure. Similar processions took place at community centers across the world. During the ceremonies held over the period of a week, Burhanuddin laid the foundation stone for the SBUT project in Bhendi Bazar and announced the opening of a branch of the Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah university in Nairobi, Kenya.

Appointing his successor

Burhanuddin spent a few days every year in London, where he has a home. During one such visit in 2011, he suffered a stroke and was admitted to Cromwell Hospital. Some days after being admitted to the hospital, he appointed his 2nd son, Mufaddal Saifuddin, as his successor holding a few members of his immediate family to bear witness, as per the religious traditions. He asked for the news to be communicated to all community members.

Upon his return to Mumbai, Burhanuddin visited the mausoleum of his father. There, he reiterated his proclamation upon Mufaddal Saifuddin as his successor-designate amongst thousands of onlookers, the event also being broadcast to a number of other locations in Mumbai.

Activities

Libas al-Anwar

Burhanuddin issued a dress code, calling for male Bohras to grow a beard and wear a white topi and kurta, and for women to wear a colorful two piece abaya, known formally as a Rida. This Islamization countered a trend toward assimilation into the larger culture of their ancestors that was also prevalent under his predecessor, Taher Saifuddin and the previous Du'at before them. The history of this culture can be traced back to the medieval Fatimid dynasty in Egypt.

Al-Jame al-Anwar

In 1980 ACE/1401 AH, the Al-Hakim mosque was extensively refurbished in white marble and gold trim by Mohammed Burhanuddin. Remnants of the original decorations, including stucco carvings, timber tie-beams, and Quranic inscriptions were restored as part of the renovations. His intent to restore the ancient Al-Hakim Mosque as a place of worship in contemporary times necessitated a lighting solution that provided this important functionality to the mosque and did so in a manner that paid tribute to the Fatimid tradition of illumination and its aesthetics. The miraculous emergence of the mishkat or small lantern from the niche of the richly decorated façade of Al Jami al Aqmar provided that solution. The niche in which the lantern motif was found has also been compared to the mihrab niche of Al Azhar mosque, the same also now found in Al-Hakim mosque, which has a central motif that resembles a large lamp or lantern.

Educational contributions

In October 1999, Burhanuddin was elected Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University, a position that his father also held. He is credited with expanding the two century old Arabic university Al Jamea tus Saifiyah. In 1983, a new campus of "Al Jamea tus Saifiyah" was built by him in Karachi. He built the "Burhaniyah Business Counseling Center" in Mumbai to provide modern business solutions. He also built the Raudat Tahera, a mausoleum of his father Taher Saifuddin in Mumbai, India. It is one of a kind, having the entire Quran inscribed on its inner white walls in letters decorated with of gold leaves and with precious stones. It was inaugurated in 1975 by the erstwhile President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

In 1976, he established a facility exclusively dedicated to the study of arts and sciences of the Quran.

MSB Schools

MSB (also known as Al Madrasa Tus Saifiya Tul Burhaniyah) was founded by Burhanuddin in 1984, with its first two branches in Mumbai, India and Nairobi, Kenya. It is accredited with the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and is operated under the purview of the office of the Dai al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. The institute has branches in 25 cities across India, Pakistan, East Africa, and the Middle East.

Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah

On the occasion of his 100th birth anniversary, Mohammed Burhanuddin established a third campus of the institute of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Nairobi, Kenya. Two years later, his son Mufaddal Saifuddin, announced the dedication of yet another campus of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Marol (Mumbai) on his behalf. The construction of each campus is centered around a masjid, with all buildings oriented towards the Holy Kaaba in Mecca. All four campuses have integrated green building techniques and observe environmental friendly operations. The buildings have been designed to utilize sunlight and facilitate natural ventilation as much as possible, and avoid dependency on artificial methods that consume great amounts of electricity, for e.g. solar water heating systems have been used in the dormitories of the Surat campus. A layout of coconut trees planted along the perimeter of the Karachi campus’ sports field mitigates waterlogging not only in Jamea but also in the surrounding homes. Recycling, compost facilities, motion sensor lighting and paper reduction policies are also applied in all four campuses.

Al-Multaqa al-Fatemi al-Ilmi

In the year 1978, Burhanuddin held a historic Islamic conference in Surat where he called upon delegates of the community centers to adhere to the time-tested traditions of their faith while also embracing the beneficial ‘new’ with the advent of scientific advancements. Amongst his important messages to the community was to renounce the practice of riba (lit. 'interest and usury'). The congregation initially started in Surat and was thereafter held in Mumbai, Karachi, Nairobi and Dar es salaam between 1978 - 1988.

The first gathering at Surat in 1978 was held in Iwaan al-Barakat (lit. 'Hall of Blessings') of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah. Burhanuddin laid down seven principles in this meet to develop social, educational and economic fervor amongst his followers.

In 1984, on the twin occasions of the 100th birth anniversary of his father, Taher Saifuddin and the 1400th birth anniversary of Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammed’s grandson; Burhanuddin laid down another set of principles similar in spirit to the ones established before with the added emphasis of Qardan Hasana (lit. 'good loan'), which are interest-free loans. The abolition of riba from an institutional level and to certain extents on an individual level is considered to be the highlight of these meetings.

Community Kitchens

Burhanuddin is credited with the establishment of community kitchens to provide meals everyday to the Dawoodi Bohra families, thus providing free time for women to pursue economic, educational or religious activities. The community kitchens don't discriminate between the privileged and the underprivileged sections, both getting the same "good quality and hygienically-prepared" food, while the community members have the provision of paying for their own family, and for sponsoring those who cannot afford it.

Medical aid

Saifee Hospital

Burhanuddin conceptualized and established Saifee Hospital in Mumbai, a state-of-the-art, multi-specialty, 250-bed hospital. It was inaugurated in 2005 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the erstwhile prime minister of India. During the inauguration, Dr Singh said: “The Bohra community has made a noble and significant contribution to society at large in constructing the Saifee Hospital and I too pray and hope that it benefits all sections of our society”

The main vision of the hospital is to provide preventive, curative and holistic care to individuals from every strata. The hospital consists of 2574 beds and is a multi-speciality healthcare destination. It has 44 ICU beds, 9 Operational Theatres and conducts approximately 10,000 surgeries in a year. It has been certified by ‘The International Standards Organisation’ (ISO) and National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL).

The hospital specializes in Robotic Surgeries, Bariatric Surgeries, Cardiology, Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry among other services.

Burhani Medical Idara

Mohammed Burhanuddin set up the Burhani Medical Idara (Department). The aim of this department is to provide medical aid to the members of the Dawoodi Bohra community.

The official website of the department has an online Doctor’s directory which enlists the name of all doctors of the community who are providing their services free of charge. As of December 15 2019, a total of 2549 doctors have been registered with the department. The ratio of doctors with respect to the total members of the community is 1:300.

Apart from this, hospitals have been established all across the globe in places such as Tanzania and Pakistan, where medical aid is provided at a subsidised rate.

Saifee Ambulance in Mumbai provides subsidised medical services to the local neighbourhood.  It extends  help in hospitalisation, immunisation and blood donation. It also sets up regular medical camps.

Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust

One of Burhanuddin’s major undertakings was the establishment of the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust. This redevelopment project comprising 16.5 acres of landform has approximately 250 existing buildings, 1250 shops and 3200 families under its radar in South Mumbai. The idea is to incorporate the locality’s dilapidated structures into a more sustainable development project, with new buildings, modern infrastructure, wider roads, more open spaces and commercial establishments.

Using the ‘best principles of urban planning’ the project aims to meet the present and future socio-economic needs of the people. The neighborhood, famously known as Bhendi Bazaar has been divided into 7 sub-clusters. The majority of the flats in these buildings will relocate the existing tenants/occupants to better accommodation. The area will have its own environment-friendly decorum along with an efficient sewage treatment plant, solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and garbage disposal units. The project aims to be resource neutral. It has already been pre-certified 'Gold' by the Indian Green Buildings Council.

Memorisation of the Quran

Burhanuddin emphasized on the notion of ‘memorising the entire Holy Quran’. There are several examples where Burhanuddin has announced this idea on an international level, for example on the occasion of completion of 1400 years of Quranic revelation on Mohammed (1387 H), and in the International Islamic Conference on Aspects of Islamic Studies at Albert Hall, London (Meherjaan al-Alami al Islami 1976 CE) he addressed this desire in his speech. Subsequently, in that same year, a Quranic  institute by the name of Mahad al-Zahra was established by him. The main objectives of this institution is to facilitate learning of the art of recitation, memorization and understanding of the Quran and its sciences.

Mohammed Burhanuddin had inaugurated Mahad al-Zahra, Karachi in the year 1404H, during his birthday celebrations there. In 1415 H, he delivered a sermon where he stressed upon the memorisation of the Quran and directed the students of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah to commit the entire Quran to memory. In the following year 1416 H, Husain Burhanuddin, the grandson of Mohammed Burhanuddin memorised the  entire Quran and since then this initiative has taken traction tenfold.

In the year 1418 H/ 1998, Burhanuddin laid down the foundation for a new branch of Mahad al-Zahra in Surat (India). The new facility provides the ideal environment of comfort and peace for the students engrossed in the demanding memorisation process. This institute also houses an audio studio where various recordings have been taped. The entire Quran has also been recorded and distributed via CDs and lately, through the internet. Students of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah memorise the Quran under this institution and render teaching services to community members residing in different parts of the world. In H 1433 / C.E. 2013, a kindergarten named Rawdat al-Quran al-Kareem (RQK) was established in Mumbai with the aim of nurturing young pupils in the light of the Quran.

E-learning

In the year 2005, a distance-learning memorization program was launched to reach out to members of the community who live in distant cities such as Sydney, Australia, Los Angeles.

Marriage ceremonies

Burhanuddin continued his father’s tradition of organising mass marriages of community couples on his visits to different cities. Popularly known as ‘Rasme Saifee’ (alluding towards Saifuddin), it is essentially a mass marriage ceremony where the nikah of a large number of Dawoodi Bohra couples is solemnized simultaneously in accordance with the tenets of Islam. A worldwide committee known as ‘Taiseer un Nikah’ (facilitation of marriage) plays a leading role in match-making, counselling and facilitating the solemnization of marriages.

Teachings

Ashara Mubaraka

The Ashara Mubaraka (Template:Lang-ar) is an annual mourning of Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala. In the tradition of the Fatimids, the Da'i al-Mutlaq delivers ten wa'az (Template:Lang-fa) on Islamic philosophy, history, liturgy, expository, horatory over 9 days: One wa'az each day for 8 days starting 2nd Muharram and two on the final day of Ashura (Template:Lang-ur), the 10th of Muharram. Every year the Da'i al-Mutlaq selects a city to host the Ashara at which, at times, attract 100,000 to 200,000 azadar-e Husayn (Template:Lang-ur). The ashara wa'az from the host city is, on occasion, broadcast to various venues around the world. Pilgrims are often provided with free accommodation, transportation, and meals. The faculty of Funun al-Quran, a department of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, oversees elaborate Tazyeen (lit. 'decor') of the host venue.

List of cities Burhanuddin presided over Ashara at as Dai al-Mutlaq

CE	AH	City	Province	Country	Cont	Start Date	End Date	Attendees
1960s
1966	1386	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	22 April	30 April	NA
1967	1387					11 April	19 April
1968	1388					30 March	6 April
1969	1389	Mecca and Medina	Mecca Province and Medina Province	Saudi Arabia		20 March	28 March
1970s
1970	1390	Colombo	Western Province	Sri Lanka	Asia	9 March	17 March
1971	1391	Kolkata	West Bengal	India		27 February	7 March
1972	1392	Surat	Gujarat			16 February	24 February
1973	1393	Mumbai	Maharashtra			4 February	12 February
1974	1394					25 January	2 February
1975	1395					14 January	22 January
1976	1396	Kolkata	West Bengal			3 January	11 January
	1397	Chennai	Tamil Nadu			23 December	31 December
1977	1398	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan		12 December	20 December	35,000
1978	1399	Jamnagar	Gujarat	India		1 December	9 December	40,000
1979	1400	Mumbai	Maharashtra			21 November	29 November	NA
1980s
1980	1401	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	9 November	17 November	10,000
1981	1402					30 October	7 November	NA
1982	1403	Sidhpur	Gujarat	India	Asia	19 October	27 October	60,000
1983	1404	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan		8 October	16 October	40,000
1984	1405	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya	Africa	27 September	5 October	15,000
1985	1406	Surat	Gujarat	India	Asia	16 September	24 September	50,000
1986	1407	Indore	Madhya Pradesh			5 September	13 September	150,000
1987	1408	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan		26 August	3 September	40,000
1988	1409	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India		14 August	22 August	100,000
1989	1410	Surat	Gujarat			4 August	12 August	60,000
1990s
1990	1411	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania	Africa	24 July	1 August	17,000
1991	1412	Colombo	Western Province	Sri Lanka	Asia	13 July	21 July	7,000
1992	1413	Pune	Maharashtra	India		2 July	10 July	80,000
1993	1414	Mombasa	Mombasa County	Kenya	Africa	21 June	29 June	15,000
1994	1415	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	10 June	18 June	100,000
1995	1416	Mombasa	Mombasa County	Kenya	Africa	31 May	8 June	15,000
1996	1417	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	19 May	27 May	44,000
1997	1418	Surat	Gujarat	India	Asia	8 May	16 May	130,000
1998	1419	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya	Africa	28 April	6 May	20,000
1999	1420	Colombo	Western Province	Sri Lanka	Asia	17 April	25 April	10,000
2000s
2000	1421	Surat	Gujarat	India	Asia	6 April	14 April	100,000
2001	1422	Houston	Texas	United States	North America	26 March	3 April	10,000
2002	1423	Indore	Madhya Pradesh	India	Asia	15 March	23 March	150,000
2003	1424	Mumbai	Maharashtra			5 March	13 March	100,000
2004	1425	Dubai	Emirate of Dubai	United Arab Emirates		22 February	1 March	42,000
2005	1426	Surat	Gujarat	India		10 February	18 February	100,000
2006	1427	Mumbai	Maharashtra			31 January	8 February	NA
2007	1428	Colombo	Western Province	Sri Lanka		20 January	28 January	12,000
2008	1429					9 January	17 January	14,000
2008/09	1430	Mombasa	Mombasa County	Kenya	Africa	29 December	6 January	30,000
2009	1431	Marol	Maharashtra	India	Asia	18 December	26 December	100,000
2010s
2010	1432	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	8 December	16 December	130,000
2011	1433					27 November	5 December	150,000
2012	1434	Surat	Gujarat			15 November	23 November	90,000
2013	1435	Mumbai	Maharashtra			5 November	13 November	110,000

Miqaats

Burhanuddin traveled extensively to various Dawoodi Bohra community centers year-round to meet his followers, deliver sermons, organise local communities, kickstart social projects, and commemorate important religious functions.

Continuing with the tradition of his father Taher Saifuddin, Mohammed Burhanuddin leads Laylat al-Qadr prayers at Badri Mahal mosque in Fort, South Bombay. Mohammed Burhanuddin has also consistently held urs mubarak of his father in masajids (lit. 'mosques') of South Bombay during his accession.

List of miqaat venues

Occasion	City	Province	Country	Continent	Event Date
1405ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mombasa	Mombasa County	Kenya	Africa	14 November 1984
Milad al Nabi SAW					5 December 1984
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania		27 December 1984
73rd Milad Mubarak	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya		12 January 1985
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt		31 January 1985
Milad Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA	Pune	Maharashtra	India	Asia	13 August 1985
1406ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	24 November 1985
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS					16 December 1985
74th Milad Mubarak	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	1 January 1986
1407ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Nagpur	Maharashtra	India	Asia	23 October 1986
Milad al Nabi SAW	Mumbai				13 November 1986
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Surat	Gujarat			5 December 1986
75th Milad Mubarak					21 December 1986
Eid e Ghadir Khum	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	12 August 1987
1408ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	13 October 1987
Milad al Nabi SAW					3 November 1987
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS					25 November 1987
76th Milad Mubarak					10 December 1987
Yaumul Mabas	Pune	Maharashtra	India		15 March 1988
1409ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	Burhanpur	Madhya Pradesh	22 October 1988
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Surat	Gujarat	13 November 1988
77th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	29 November 1988
Eid e Ghadir Khum	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	21 July 1989
1410ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	12 October 1989
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Najaf	Najaf Governorate	Iraq	Asia	3 November 1989
78th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India		19 November 1989
1411ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	Toronto	Ontario	Canada	North America	1 October 1990
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	23 October 1990
79th Milad Mubarak	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	8 November 1990
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	27 November 1990
1412ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	30 August 1991
Milad al Nabi SAW	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	20 September 1990
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Karbala	Karbala Governorate	Iraq	Asia	12 October 1991
80th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India		28 October 1991
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Surat	Gujarat			16 November 1991
Milad Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA	Madagascar			Africa	28 May 1992
1413ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	9 September 1992
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Mecca	Mecca Province	Saudi Arabia	Asia	1 October 1992
81st Milad Mubarak	Medina	Medina Province			17 October 1992
Urs Syedi Abdul Qadir Hakimuddin QR	Jamnagar	Gujarat	India		18 April 1993
1414ه‍
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya	Africa	16 August 1993
Milad al Nabi SAW	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	29 August 1993
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Damascus	Damascus Governorate	Syria		20 September 1993
82nd Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India		6 October 1993
1415ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	28 July 1994
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	18 August 1994
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS					9 September 1994
83rd Milad Mubarak	Karbala	Karbala Governorate	Iraq	Asia	25 September 1994
Moulatena Fatema Wafat AS	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan		14 October 1994
Eid ul Adha	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	9 May 1995
Eid e Ghadir Khum					17 May 1995
1416ه‍
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	8 August 1995
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	30 August 1995
84th Milad Mubarak	Sanaa	Sanaa Governorate	Yemen	Asia	15 September 1995
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India		3 October 1995
1417ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	6 July 1996
Milad al Nabi SAW	Houston	Texas	United States  Canada	North America	27 July 1996
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	New York City Toronto	State of New York Ontario			17-18 August 1996
85th Milad Mubarak	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	3 September 1996
1418ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	25 June 1997
Milad al Nabi SAW	Singapore	City-State	Singapore	Asia	16 July 1997
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Klang	Selangor	Malaysia		7 August 1996
86th Milad Mubarak	Hong Kong	Special administrative regions of China	China
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Rajkot	Gujarat	India		28 October 1997
Milad Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA	Udaipur	Rajasthan			24 March 1998
1419ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	15 June 1998
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	6 July 1998
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Dallas	Texas	United States	North America	28 July 1998
87th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	13 August 1998
1420ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	India	4 June 1999
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	25 June 1999
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS					17 July 1999
88th Milad Mubarak					2 August 1999
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	21 August 1999
1421ه‍
Urs Syedi Fakhruddin Shaheed QR	Sydney	New South Wales	Australia	Oceania	1 May 2000
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	14 June 2000
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS					5 July 2000
89th Milad Mubarak	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan	Asia	21 July 2000
Eid e Ghadir Khum	Houston	Texas	United States	North America	13 March 2001
1422ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	13 May 2001
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	21 May 2001
Milad al Nabi SAW	Chicago	Illinois	3 June 2001
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Toronto	Ontario	Canada	25 June 2001
90th Milad Mubarak	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	11 June 2001
1423ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	2 May 2002
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Najaf	Najaf Governorate	Iraq		10 May 2002
Milad al Nabi SAW	Karbala	Karbala Governorate			23 May 2002
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Damascus Amman	Damascus Governorate Amman Governorate	Syria  Jordan		13-14 June 2002
91st Milad Mubarak	Sanaa	Sanaa Governorate	Yemen		30 June 2002
Eid e Ghadir Khum	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	19 February 2003
1424ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Antananarivo	Analamanga	Madagascar	Africa	22 April 2003
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Madagascar	Madagascar			30 April 2003
Milad al Nabi SAW					13 May 2003
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Sanaa	Sanaa Governorate	Yemen	Asia	4 June 2003
92nd Milad Mubarak	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	20 June 2003
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat	Pune	Maharashtra	India	Asia	9 July 2003
Eid ul Adha	Dubai	Emirate of Dubai	United Arab Emirates		1 February 2004
1425ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	9 April 2004
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Kuwait	City-state	Kuwait	18 April 2004
Milad al Nabi SAW				30 April 2004
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Rawalpindi	Punjab	Pakistan	23 May 2004
93rd Milad Mubarak	Karachi	Sindh		8 June 2004
Moulatena Fatema AS Wafat				27 June 2004
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Boston	Massachusetts	United States	North America	13 August 2004
Yaumul Mabas	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania	Africa	11 September 2004
1426ه‍
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Pratapgarh	Rajasthan	India	Asia	30 March 2005
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Sunel				7 April 2005
Milad al Nabi SAW	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	20 April 2005
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	12 May 2005
94th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	28 May 2005
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Fremont	California	United States	North America	2 August 2005
Yaumul Mabas	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania	Africa	31 August 2005
Nisf Shaban	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya		18 September 2005
Moulana Ali Ibn Abi Talib AS Shahdat	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	21 October 2005
Lailatul Qadr					24-25 October 2005
Eid ul Fitr					2 November 2005
Eid ul Adha	Lonavala	Maharashtra	India	Asia	9 January 2006
1427ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	19 March 2006
Milad al Nabi SAW	Munich	Bavaria	Germany	Europe	10 April 2006
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	London	England	United Kingdom		2 May 2006
95th Milad Mubarak					18 May 2006
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat					6 June 2006
Yaumul Mabas	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania	Africa	21 August 2006
Eid ul Adha	Dubai	Emirate of Dubai	United Arab Emirates	Asia	30 December 2006
1428ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Bangalore	Karnataka	India	Asia	9 March 2007
Milad al Nabi SAW	Hyderabad	Telangana			30 March 2007
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	21 April 2007
96th Milad Mubarak	Sanaa	Sanaa Governorate	Yemen	Asia	7 May 2007
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	26 May 2007
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Paris	Île-de-France	France		12 July 2007
Yaumul Mabas	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	10 August 2007
1429ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	26 February 2008
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Marol				5 March 2008
Milad al Nabi SAW	Denmal	Gujarat			18 March 2008
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Ahmedabad				9 April 2008
97th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra			25 April 2008
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat	London	England	United Kingdom	Asia	14 May 2008
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA					30 June 2008
Yaumul Mabas	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	29 July 2008
1430ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Dar es Salaam	Coastal Indian Ocean	Tanzania	Africa	15 February 2009
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Nairobi	Nairobi County	Kenya		23 February 2009
Milad al Nabi SAW					8 March 2009
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	3 May 2009
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Munich	Bavaria	Germany	Europe	19 June 2009
Yaumul Mabas	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	19 July 2009
1431ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mecca	Mecca Province	Saudi Arabia	Asia	3 February 2010
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Medina	Medina Province			11 February 2010
Milad al Nabi SAW	Jamnagar	Gujarat	India	Asia	25 February 2010
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Rajkot				19 March 2010
99th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra			4 April 2010
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	23 April 2010
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	Cairo	Cairo Governorate	Egypt	Africa	9 June 2010
Yaumul Mabas	Mumbai	Maharashtra	India	Asia	8 July 2010
1432ھ
Chehlum Imam Husain AS	Kolkata	West Bengal	India	Asia	25 January 2011
Milad al Nabi SAW	Burhanpur	Madhya Pradesh			15 February 2011
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Ujjain				9 March 2011
100th Milad Mubarak	Mumbai	Maharashtra			25 March 2011
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat					12 April 2011
Urs Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed RA	London	England	United Kingdom	Europe	30 May 2011
1433ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	India	Asia	14 January 2012
Imam Hasan AS Shahdat	Dongaon	Maharashtra			22 January 2012
Milad al Nabi SAW	Pune				4 February 2012
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS	Mumbai				26 February 2012
101st Milad Mubarak	Surat	Gujarat			13 March 2012
Moulatena Fatimah AS Wafat					1 April 2012
Eid ul Adha	Khandala	Maharashtra			25 October 2012
1434ھ
Imam Husain AS Chehlum	Mumbai	2 January 2013
Milad Imam ul Zaman AS		14 February 2013
102nd Milad Mubarak		2 March 2013

Patriotism

Mohammed Burhaunndin always instructed his followers to be patriotic to the state they resided in. In Islam, loyalty to the land of abode is an integral part of one’s faith. Mohammed Burhanuddin urged his followers to follow the laws of the country they live in and strive to be good citizens. Dawoodi Bohras have therefore become well integrated into the various societies that they have become part of, in the countries in which they reside. They are active in community help efforts and also partake in social drives and campaigns.

Islamic Identity

Throughout his 50 years in the office, Mohammed Burhaunndin strove to imbibe a particular Islamic identity to his followers. The most prominent distinction of the Dawoodi Bohra community is their religious attire, known as the Libas-al-Anwar (lit. Radiant Clothes.) For men, it usually consists of a trouser-like pant called an izar, coupled with a loose elongated shirt-like draping over the upper body --- called a kurta along with an overcoat called a saya, which is topped off by a skull cap called - Topi. The women’s attire is called a ‘Rida’ which is an all-covering dress worn by Bohra women. Furthermore, the men in the community adorn a full-grown beard which adds to their distinctive identity.

In addition to the distinctive clothes, he also urged his followers to speak a unique language, known as the Lisan-al-Da’wah (the language of Da’wah). The language is predominantly rooted in Arabic and Gujarati with a mix of words from other languages such as Urdu and Persian.

Burhanuddin has also supported the movement towards Islamic English where the expression of Islamic norms and Quranic concepts are better articulated in the English language without compromising the meaning. For example ‘Mosque’ though derived from the Arabic word ‘Masjid’ fails to convey the original meaning of the word, ‘a place for prostration or sajda.

Upliftment

During his life, Mohammed Burhanuddin regularly urged his followers to extend help to the less fortunate in society. In the year H 1424 H/ C.E. 2002, during his visit to the island nation of Madagascar, Burhanuddin instituted the idea of ‘upliftment’ and called upon all the members of the community to help their fellow community members. Along with the community members, he expanded his efforts to help the society at large. This can be understood by the aids provided by him in the aftermath of the Bombay Riots and the Bhuj earthquake.

During the Holy Month of Ramadan, the less fortunate members of the community would be provided essentials such as clothes, food, shelter and medical services.

To carry out these functions, Mohammed Burhanuddin set up institutions such as His Holiness Doctor Syedna Taher Saifuddin Memorial Foundation (STSMF).

Trade and business

The new Trust was aimed to provide modern solutions for today's modern business. Throughout his life, Mohammed Burhanuddin urged his community to enter the world of trade, business and industrialization. The word ‘Bohra’ itself denotes the meaning of ‘a trader.’. Mohammed Burhanuddin encouraged his followers to move forward and expand their businesses. He stressed to his followers to keep the tradition of business and entrepreneurship intact in the community. To help his followers to that extent, Mohammed Burhanuddin institutionalized the concept of Islamic Loans which are interest free, known as Qardan Hasanah (Good Loans). In 1991, Mohammed Burhanuddin established the Burhani Qardan Hasana Trust. The main goal of this trust is to provide interest free loans to community members to fulfill their economic goals and help expand their businesses. Furthermore, to help enhance his community members' business skills, Mohammed Burhanuddin set up the Burhaniyah Business Counseling Centre (BBCC) in Mumbai. The center organized numerous expos named Burhani Expo to help connect community members with each other to expand their businesses and create a global network of traders within the community.

In 2014, Mohammed Burhanuddin again re-institutionalized this concept by renaming the Qardan Hasnah trust by the name of Hasanaat al Qardan Hasan al Burhaniyah. The BBCC was also absorbed by this new trust and a new department was formed to help community members prosper in their business endeavors. This department was named ‘Tijarat Rabeha’ which translates into Profitable Business. The main aim of this department is to facilitate the needs of new and upcoming entrepreneurs within the community by providing modern day solutions and ideas to them. It also organizes numerous seminars, workshops and webinars to help existing businessmen within the community expand their businesses and evolve their business acumen in course with the ever changing times.

Welfare of women

Burhanuddin formed the Amatullah Aaisaheba Memorial Trust in 1996 in memory of his late wife, Amatullah Aai who had played a leading role in the welfare of the Dawoodi Bohra women. The trust lays particular emphasis on the support of home industries run by women.

Housing complexes

The community facilitates schemes to provide flats and houses at cheaper rates. Several housing complexes have been established all over India, for example in Kalyan, Marol and even in foreign countries such as in Nairobi, Kenya.

In H 1426 / C.E. 2004, a department known as Faiz Enayat Amakene Anwar was established in Mumbai. The main aim of this department is to provide better living conditions for those living in poor conditions.

Awards and honors

• "Order of the Star of Jordan", the highest civic honor of Jordan by the King of Jordan.
• "Order of the Nile", the highest civilian honor of Egypt.
• "Honorary Doctorates", by Al-Azhar University, Egypt, Aligarh Muslim University, India and University of Karachi, Pakistan.
• On 6 March 2011, Burhani Foundation, India made largest distribution of bird feeders (20,631) to celebrate Mohammed Burhanuddin 100th birthday (according to the Islamic calendar). It was recorded in Guinness World Records.
• Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015.
• Mohammed Burhanuddin was named one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2013.

Religious titles

Over the course of Burhanuddin's tenure as Mazoon al-Dawat, he was bestowed numerous khitabaat (lit. 'titles') by his predecessor, Taher Saifuddin, owing to his accomplishments in the service of the Dawoodi Bohra community and the society at large. These titles were topic of all ten waaz of his son Mufaddal Saifuddin's first Ashara Mubaraka as the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq, in 2014.

• The Foundation of the Learned Monotheists (عمدة العلماء الموحدين): Bestowed on the day of Eid-e Ghadir-e Khum (1361 AH).
• The Perfect Young Man and Preeminent Elder (الفتى الكامل والشيخ الفاضل): Taher Saifuddin upon conferring nass on Burhanuddin bestowed this title to him in his Risaalah, 'Bahr Fadl Kabeer' (1352 AH).
• The Crown of the Pure and Radiant Dawat (تاج الدعوة الطيبة الغراء): Bestowed on 27th Zilqad al-Haraam in Madras (1359 AH).
• The Proof of Faith (برهان الدين): This laqab (lit. 'cognomen') was bestowed on the 20th of Rabi al-Akhar, 1347 AH, in Surat. The day of Burhanuddin's meethaq.
• The One who is Praised and Commended (محمد): Taher Saifuddin mentioned that he chose the name Mohammed, following in the footsteps of his predecessor, Abdeali Saifuddin, who named his son Mohammed; and took the kunyat (lit. 'teknonym') Abu Mohammed.
• The Delight of the Eye of the Imam of the Pious (قرة عين امام المتقين): Bestowed on 27th Zilqad al-Haraam, 1359 AH, in Madras
• The One Divinely Aided in Yemen (منصور اليمن): Bestowed on the 18th of Shabaan al-Kareem, 1381 AH, at Ghurrat al-Masajid, Mumbai.
• The Stairs of Salvation for the Ascending (سلم النجاة للمرتقين): Taher Saifuddin upon conferring nass on Burhanuddin bestowed this title to him in his Risaalah, 'Bahr Fadl Kabeer' (1352 AH).
• The Treasure of Faith (ذخيرة الدين): Taher Saifuddin upon conferring nass on Burhanuddin bestowed this title to him in his Risaalah, 'Bahr Fadl Kabeer' (1352 AH).

Death

Burhanuddin died of cardiac arrest at his home Saifee Mahal in Mumbai on 17 January 2014. The Bohra community announced a 40-day mourning period in respect of the departed leader. His second son and successor, Mufaddal Saifuddin led the Salat al-Janazah (lit. 'funeral procession') of his father at Gurrat al-Masajid, after which he was buried at Raudat Tahera besides his father Taher Saifuddin. The Indian flag was flown at half-mast as a mark of state mourning.

The day after his demise, a crowd of supporters peacefully assembled outside his residence to pay their respects; Unfortunately, when the gates were opened to let them in, a human stampede ensued, killing eighteen people. A commemoration service held one year after Burhanuddin's death drew an estimated three hundred thousand bohras to Mumbai; two dedicated townships were built specially to accommodate them.

Succession

Mohammed Burhanuddin, died in January 2014. As per the tenets of the sect each predecessor is required to nominate his successor during his lifetime. His death sparked a succession crisis where two rival claimants emerged for the title of 53rd Dā'ī al-Mutlaq: his son, Mufaddal Saifuddin, and his half-brother, Khuzaima Qutbuddin, who was previously Mazoon of the Dawoodi Bohra.

The challenge created a divide in the community with the vast majority aligning with Mufaddal Saifuddin whilst a small number aligned with Khuzaima Qutbuddin. Mufaddal Saifuddin assumed control of the Dawoodi Bohra administration and infrastructure. He is largely accepted as the Bohras' leader by governments and other public bodies. The UK Charity Commission has stated in writing, that "our view is that His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is the current incumbent of the office of Dai al-Mutlaq."

Genealogy

Burhanuddin is a descendant of leaders of the early Fatimid mission in India, Fakhr al-Din Shaheed, Abd al-Qadir Hakim al-din, Khanji Pheer, and Syedi Lukman.

Notable works

Rasāʾil Ramaḍāniyya (Epistles)

The following are a list of Rasāʾil Ramaḍāniyya composed by Mohammed Burhanuddin. Each Risalah is given a title according to Abjad numerals equivalent to the Hijri year of its publication:

Notes

1. The Ashara sermons and prayers were led by Saifuddin, Burhanuddin's son.
2. Saifuddin, Burhanuddin's son, led the sermons and prayers.
3. The Ashara Mubaraka sermons and prayers were led by Burhanuddin's son, Saifuddin.

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Further reading

• Abdulhussein, Mustafa (1 February 2001). Al-Dai Al-Fatimi Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: An Illustrated Biography. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Trust. ISBN 978-0953625604 – via books.google.com.
• Hassanally, Yusuf Mamujee (2017). Gems of History: A Brief History of Doat Mutlaqeen. Colombo: Alvazaratus Saifiyah.
• Najmuddin, Yusuf (1985). Fifty-Second El-Dai el-Fatimi: Seventy-Five Momentous Years in Retrospect. Bombay: Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah – via books.google.com.
• Esposito, John L, ed. (2009). "Muhammad Burhanuddin". Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199861255. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015 – via archive.mumineen.org.
• Mustafa, Shabbir Hussain (2011). "In Defense of the Community: Syedna Taher Saifuddin and Reassertion of Authority". Between Community and Securalism: The Dawoodi Bohras and Agendas of 'Reform' in India, c. 1915-1985 (Thesis). National University of Singapore. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020.
• Electricwala, Mohammed Abbas (2015). Intellectual upliftment through memorization of Quran: A social aspect. inflibnet.ac.in (Thesis). Shri Jagdishparasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020 – via shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in.

• 1915 births
• 2014 deaths
• People from Surat
• Gujarati people
• State funerals in India
• Indian Islamic religious leaders
• Dawoodi Bohra da'is
• Grand Cordons of the Order of the Star of Jordan
• Grand Cordons of the Order of the Nile
• Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields
• Al-Azhar University alumni