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| {{Short description|Legendary sword owned by Sigurd}} | |||
| {{distinguish|text=the creature known as ]}} | {{distinguish|text=the creature known as ]}} | ||
| {{redirect|Balmung|the character from the ".hack" franchise|Balmung (.hack)}} | {{redirect|Balmung|the character from the ".hack" franchise|Balmung (.hack)}} | ||
| ], dated to around the year 1030]] | ], dated to around the year 1030]] | ||
| In ], '''Gram''' (] '''''Gramr''''', meaning "Wrath")<ref name=ORCHARD59-60>{{cite book |last=Orchard |first=Andy |
In ], '''Gram''' (] '''''Gramr''''', meaning "Wrath"),<ref name=ORCHARD59-60>{{cite book |last=Orchard |first=Andy |title=Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend |publisher=Cassell |year=1997 |pages= |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnors0000orch|url-access=registration |isbn=0-304-34520-2}}</ref> also known as '''Balmung''' or '''Nothung''', is the ] that ] used to kill the dragon ].<ref></ref> It is primarily used by the ]s in the '']''. However, it is also seen in other legends, such as the '']'' in | ||
| which it is wielded by ]. | |||
| Depending on the story and source material, Gram may have other names. In '']'' it is named '''Balmung'''.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Nibelungenlied – A Prose Translation |year=1934 |orig-year=c. 1200 |location=London |publisher=JM Dent |translator-last1=Armour |translator-first1=Margaret |translator-link1=Margaret Armour | |
Depending on the story and source material, Gram may have other names. In '']'' it is named '''Balmung'''.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Nibelungenlied – A Prose Translation |year=1934 |orig-year=c. 1200 |location=London |publisher=JM Dent |translator-last1=Armour |translator-first1=Margaret |translator-link1=Margaret Armour |via=] |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3636 |access-date=2019-04-26 }}</ref> In ] work, '']'' (''The Ring of the Nibelung''), it is referred to as '''Nothung''' ({{IPA|de|ˈnoːtʊŋ|}}, "child of need.")<ref>Cord, W. O. (1989:22). ''The Teutonic Mythology of Richard Wagner's "The Ring of the Nibelung"''. United Kingdom: E. Mellen Press.</ref> | ||
| ==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Nowhere in the ''Volsunga Saga'' is a clear description of Gram given, but there is enough scattered throughout the story to draw a picture of the sword. Sigurd's weapons, Gram included, are described as being "all decked with gold and gleaming bright". |
Nowhere in the '']'' is a clear description of Gram given, but there is enough scattered throughout the story to draw a picture of the sword. Sigurd's weapons, Gram included, are described as being "all decked with gold and gleaming bright".<ref>Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016.</ref> Depending on how the text is read, the sword may or may not have a dragon emblazoned on it and/or depending on the translation have been "brown of hue".<ref>Volsunga Saga. Trans. Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris. London: n.p., 1888. N. pag.Sacred-texts. Web. 8 May 2016.</ref> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] (1889)]] | ] (1889)]] | ||
| ] (1901)]] | ] (1901)]] | ||
| Gram is primarily seen in the ''Volsunga Saga'' used by men in the |
Gram is primarily seen in the '']'' used by men in the ] after ]. Sigmund receives it during the wedding feast for his sister, ]. Part of the way through the feast a strange man appears carrying a sword. Although unknown to Sigmund, this is the god ]. He thrusts the sword into the ] tree that grew in the middle of the hall and said, “The man to pull out this sword from the trunk shall receive it from me as a gift and he will find out for himself that he never bore in hand a better sword than this.” Soon after he departed every man made his attempt to pull the sword out of the wood. All fail except Sigmund, who easily extracts it. The sword is a fine sword, and ] is covetous of it, offering Sigmund three times its weight in gold. When he refuses, King Siggeir grows angry and secretly begins plotting to steal it from Sigmund, eventually killing his father and capturing him and all of his brothers. After this, the sword disappears from the narrative until Signy secretly gives it back to Sigmund as he is buried alive with ]. After Sigmund avenges his family, he uses the sword in several battles before it is eventually broken by Odin during Sigmund's final battle with King Lyngvi. | ||
| ], Sigmund's wife, takes up the two halves of the blade and keeps them for ], their son.<ref>Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016.</ref> The dwarven smith ] later trains an adult Sigurd in metalworking. After a period of time, he tells Sigurd of the mighty dragon, ], and the treasure which it guards, asking Sigurd to slay it for him. Sigurd agrees on one condition: that Regin makes him a mighty sword capable of slaying such a monster. | |||
| Regin confidently makes Sigurd an admirable sword, but when Sigurd sees it, he is disappointed |
Regin confidently makes Sigurd an admirable sword, but when Sigurd sees it, he is disappointed when it easily breaks with a single blow. On his second attempt, Regin makes him a sword superior to the last, but it also breaks. On his third attempt, Sigurd brings Regin the two halves of Gram, his father's sword, and when he strikes the anvil, it is cloven in two. Once he tested the strength of the sword, he left the workshop and went to a nearby stream to check its edge. Throwing a piece of wool upstream, he lets it press against Gram, causing it to be sliced through. After testing the blade's sharpness, he uses it to avenge his father, Sigmund, by slaying Lyngvi. Of the many feats done by Gram, by far the most well-known and important is the slaying of Fafnir the dragon. This deed is accomplished by Sigurd with a single, mighty thrust to the left shoulder where he drives the sword so deep, he gets his arms bloodied up to the shoulder. Eventually, Gram is used as a sign of chastity when it is placed between Sigurd and ] on their funeral pyre after Brynhild arranged Sigurd's death before killing herself in turn. After this, the sword is no longer found in the manuscript.<ref>Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016. | ||
| </ref> | </ref> | ||
| ==In 'Der Ring des Nibelungen'== | ==In ''Der Ring des Nibelungen''== | ||
| In '']'', the third of the four operas in the ''Ring des Nibelungen'' cycle, Mime, who essentially takes Regin's part, is unable to reforge Nothung (as Gram is called in the ''Ring''). Siegfried, however, manages. Apart from this the story of Regin and Sigurd is more or less identical to that of Mime and Siegfried. | In '']'', the third of the four operas in the '']'' cycle, Mime, who essentially takes Regin's part, is unable to reforge Nothung (as Gram is called in the ''Ring''). Siegfried, however, manages. Apart from this, the story of Regin and Sigurd is more or less identical to that of Mime and Siegfried. | ||
| ==In popular culture== | |||
| The sword is featured in the 2017 video game '']'', where it is found and used in combat by the main character, Senua. The sword's origins are explained to the character by her friend Druth, including the story of Sigmund and Sigurd. | |||
| Gram is a one-handed sword that appears in the '']'' series of video games (''Symphony of the Night'', ''Aria of Sorrow'' and ''Harmony of Despair''). | |||
| A powerful magical sword named Balmung appears in the video game '']''. | |||
| Gram is a heavy blade (two-handed sword) in the game '']'', the sword also has a variant with better attributes called ''Gram Prime''. | |||
| Gram (under the name "Nothung") appears in the Cartoon Network animated series '']'' as the sword wielded by the legendary hero Billy. | |||
| 'Gram the Sword of Grief' appears in the game '']'', specifically dropped by the dragon Abazigal (one of the half-siblings of the protagonist). Its description mentions it as being one of the many weapons of the great hero Siegfried. | |||
| Philosopher ] refers to Gram (using the name "Nothung") in his work '']''.<ref>PI §44; {{ISBN|978-1-4051-5929-6}}</ref> | |||
| Gram is wielded by Siegfried in the '']'' series. | |||
| Gram is wielded by Kohri in the game '']''. | |||
| In '']'', Mitsurugi Kyouya was given the 'Cursed Sword Gram' by Aqua and, at one point, used it to slay a dragon. | |||
| In the series '']'', Gram is one of the swords used by a member of the Hero-faction named Siegfried and its ownership was transferred to Kiba Yuuto after Siegfried was defeated. | |||
| In the game '']'', Gram is wielded by Sigurd (as a reforged version) and Siegfried (under the name Balmung). | |||
| Gram can be obtained by sending characters on missions in the game '']''. Once obtained it can be equipped by Knight, Paladin and Avenger classes. | |||
| Gram is a huge two-handed sword in the game '']'', only Yama characters can wield it. | |||
| In the game '']'', character named Od (which is another reference on Norse mythology, see ]) have one of the twelve holy weapons named Balmung. | |||
| Gram is the name of dukedom on the large island kingdom in the game '']''. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| {{Notable swords}} | {{Notable swords}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:40, 28 November 2024
Legendary sword owned by Sigurd Not to be confused with the creature known as Garmr or Garm. "Balmung" redirects here. For the character from the ".hack" franchise, see Balmung (.hack).
In Norse mythology, Gram (Old Norse Gramr, meaning "Wrath"), also known as Balmung or Nothung, is the sword that Sigurd used to kill the dragon Fafnir. It is primarily used by the Völsungs in the Volsunga Saga. However, it is also seen in other legends, such as the Thidrekssaga in which it is wielded by Hildebrand.
Depending on the story and source material, Gram may have other names. In The Nibelungenlied it is named Balmung. In Richard Wagner's work, Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), it is referred to as Nothung ([ˈnoːtʊŋ], "child of need.")
Description
Nowhere in the Volsunga Saga is a clear description of Gram given, but there is enough scattered throughout the story to draw a picture of the sword. Sigurd's weapons, Gram included, are described as being "all decked with gold and gleaming bright". Depending on how the text is read, the sword may or may not have a dragon emblazoned on it and/or depending on the translation have been "brown of hue".
History
_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg)
by Johannes Gehrts (1889)
Gram is primarily seen in the Volsunga Saga used by men in the Völsung line after Sigmund. Sigmund receives it during the wedding feast for his sister, Signy. Part of the way through the feast a strange man appears carrying a sword. Although unknown to Sigmund, this is the god Odin. He thrusts the sword into the Barnstokkr tree that grew in the middle of the hall and said, “The man to pull out this sword from the trunk shall receive it from me as a gift and he will find out for himself that he never bore in hand a better sword than this.” Soon after he departed every man made his attempt to pull the sword out of the wood. All fail except Sigmund, who easily extracts it. The sword is a fine sword, and King Siggeir is covetous of it, offering Sigmund three times its weight in gold. When he refuses, King Siggeir grows angry and secretly begins plotting to steal it from Sigmund, eventually killing his father and capturing him and all of his brothers. After this, the sword disappears from the narrative until Signy secretly gives it back to Sigmund as he is buried alive with Sinfjotli. After Sigmund avenges his family, he uses the sword in several battles before it is eventually broken by Odin during Sigmund's final battle with King Lyngvi.
Hjördis, Sigmund's wife, takes up the two halves of the blade and keeps them for Sigurd, their son. The dwarven smith Regin later trains an adult Sigurd in metalworking. After a period of time, he tells Sigurd of the mighty dragon, Fafnir, and the treasure which it guards, asking Sigurd to slay it for him. Sigurd agrees on one condition: that Regin makes him a mighty sword capable of slaying such a monster.
Regin confidently makes Sigurd an admirable sword, but when Sigurd sees it, he is disappointed when it easily breaks with a single blow. On his second attempt, Regin makes him a sword superior to the last, but it also breaks. On his third attempt, Sigurd brings Regin the two halves of Gram, his father's sword, and when he strikes the anvil, it is cloven in two. Once he tested the strength of the sword, he left the workshop and went to a nearby stream to check its edge. Throwing a piece of wool upstream, he lets it press against Gram, causing it to be sliced through. After testing the blade's sharpness, he uses it to avenge his father, Sigmund, by slaying Lyngvi. Of the many feats done by Gram, by far the most well-known and important is the slaying of Fafnir the dragon. This deed is accomplished by Sigurd with a single, mighty thrust to the left shoulder where he drives the sword so deep, he gets his arms bloodied up to the shoulder. Eventually, Gram is used as a sign of chastity when it is placed between Sigurd and Brynhild on their funeral pyre after Brynhild arranged Sigurd's death before killing herself in turn. After this, the sword is no longer found in the manuscript.
In Der Ring des Nibelungen
In Siegfried, the third of the four operas in the Ring des Nibelungen cycle, Mime, who essentially takes Regin's part, is unable to reforge Nothung (as Gram is called in the Ring). Siegfried, however, manages. Apart from this, the story of Regin and Sigurd is more or less identical to that of Mime and Siegfried.
References
- Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-304-34520-2.
- Sigurd—ein Held des Mittelalters (Edgar Haimerl)
- The Nibelungenlied – A Prose Translation. Translated by Armour, Margaret. London: JM Dent. 1934 . Retrieved 2019-04-26 – via Project Gutenberg.
- Cord, W. O. (1989:22). The Teutonic Mythology of Richard Wagner's "The Ring of the Nibelung". United Kingdom: E. Mellen Press.
- Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016.
- Volsunga Saga. Trans. Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris. London: n.p., 1888. N. pag.Sacred-texts. Web. 8 May 2016.
- Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016.
- Vsnrweb-publications. Viking Society Web Publications. Web. Apr.-May 2016.
| The Völsung Cycle | ||
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| Mythical or legendary |
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| Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones. | ||||||